Estudo das práticas parentais de alimentação entre pré-escolares brasileiros

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Warkentin, Sarah [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Food consumption; Pediatric obesity; Feeding behavior; Parent-child relations; Preschool; Consumo de alimentos; Obesidade pediátrica; Comportamento alimentar; Relações pais-filho; Pré-escolar
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=5201403; http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/50402

Background: The epidemic of childhood obesity has been progressing year after year and Brazil follows the same trend worldwide, reaching a percentage of 6.6% of overweight among preschoolers. This trend occurs because of the increasingly obese environment to which children are exposed, both outside and inside the home environment. At home, the family is the most influential institution in the development of child's eating habits. Therefore, to study factors related to this eating behavior that influence child consumption, as the practices exercised by the parents, may help in the development of more effective interventions aimed at the control childhood obesity. Objectives: The first manuscript that compose this thesis had the aim to validate and adapt the instrument ‘Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire’ in a sample of Brazilian preschool children (n=402) enrolled in private schools in São Paulo and Campinas. The second manuscript used the validated questionnaire and evaluated associations of different practices, with socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, behavioral and food consumption characteristics of parents and their children. Methods and Results: First of all, the questionnaire underwent a process of cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis, in order to adapt the questionnaire to Brazilian reality. In the sequence, a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were performed, which resulted in an adapted version, comprising 43 items, divided into 6 factors. The internal consistency, discriminant and convergent validity were adequate, resulting in a valid instrument for measuring parental practices of preschool children in Brazil. In the second stage, univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed between the factors and several variables of the children and their parents, which showed that the lower use of positive practices ('Healthy Eating Guidance' and 'Monitoring') were positively associated with greater screen time, ultraprocessed food consumption and maternal weight. The greater use of restrictive feeding practices were associated with the lower maternal education and greater concern about the child's overweight. Other coercive feeding practices, such as 'Pressure' and the 'Emotion Regulation/Food as a reward', were positively associated with greater concern about child underweight, lower maternal weight (‘Pressure’), and lower maternal education ('Emotion Regulation/Food as reward'). Conclusions: The validation of instruments in different cultures and populations is necessary in order to understand what parents do, inside and outside the home environment, which can further aggravate excessive weight gain among children. In addition, there are few studies evaluating parental practices and their associations with variables of the child and parents in Brazil and this study contributed to the identification of risk groups and the development of policies and programs that involve parents and that may therefore help them to develop healthier eating habits in their children.