Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional de gestantes e indicadores de reservas de ferro

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Camargo, Rosangela Maria Souza de [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Anemia; Antropometria; Consumo alimentar; Deficiência de ferro; Rede pública; Gestantes; Estado nutricional; Food intake; Iron deficiency; Nutritional status; Pregnant women; Anthropometry; Public network
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9256

Introduction: Among the most important nutritional disorders in pregnancy, there is iron deficiency. Dietary intake of women in developing countries shows that most of them do not have sufficient store of the mineral to meet the high demands of pregnancy. As a consequence of prolonged iron deficiency, there is iron deficiency anemia, which brings adverse health complications for the mother and the fetus. Objective: To evaluate the dietary intake, nutritional status and indices of iron stores in adult women, of low risk, in the second trimester of pregnancy. Method: Crosssectional study conducted in the prenatal clinic of the Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller (HUJM), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá city, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The study population was all pregnant women attended in the prenatal care between May 2008 and May 2009, and 146 women met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from medical records and through interviews with application forms including questions about socioeconomic status and reproductive history. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate food intake. In the statistical analysis, normal distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; the Mann- Whiney test for averages; Chi-square or Fisher exact tests for proportions, considering a significance level of 5% to reject the null hypothesis. The data were described in the papers comprised in the thesis. Results: Among the pregnant women, 47% were younger than 25 years, 36% had not completed elementary school, 60% had family incomes below one minimum wage per capita, 19% lived without a mate, 41% were nulliparous, 37% had had an abortion. Concerning prenatal nutritional status, 21% were underweight and 29% had overweight / obesity. RBC indices with strongest correlation with each other were the hemoglobin and hematocrit, and between indices of iron stores, serum iron and transferrin saturation index. The prevalence of anemia was 4.8% (Hb <11 g / dl), and iron deficiency considering iron and ferritin markers was 30.1% and 39%, respectively. The foods most commonly consumed by pregnant women daily were rice, beans, bread, pasta, chicken, oranges, canned goods, eggs, and beef. More than a third of the interviewed women reported not eating ferrous sulfate. Conclusion: The study observed the importance of nutritional status before and during pregnancy, suggesting that pregnant women with overweight / obesity had more changes in iron stores markers in the pre-pregnancy, and during pregnancy the prevalence of overweight / obesity was 40%. There was no association between intake of food groups and alterations in iron markers; however, consumption of pasta, food fortified with iron, was higher among women with normal serum iron level.