Estudo do potencial biotecnológico da polpa de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) in natura e da conservação das suas propriedades nutricionais em embalagens a vácuo

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Azevedo, Sthéfanny Caroline Mendes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas; Brasil; UEA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Tucumã; Astrocaryum aculeatum; Biotecnologia; Fitoquímica; Antioxidante; Proteção solar; FPS; Antimicrobiana; Conservação; Vácuo
• Link de acesso: https://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/2182

The tucumã, also known as tucumã of the Amazonas, commonly found in the Amazon region, is a fruit derived from the Astrocaryum aculeatum palm tree, which presents local economic potential. It is characterized as a slightly acid, low sugar, high β-carotene, and high energy fruit. Given the small number of studies regarding the maintenance of its nutritional characteristics and its biotechnological feasibility, in this work it was performed the phytochemical screening and the quercetin analysis in hexanic and methanolic pulp extracts. It was evaluated the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract, as well as the solar protection activity and antimicrobial activity of methanolic and hexanic extracts. It was also verified the conservation of the nutritional properties of tucumã pulp in natura, using vacuum packaging, under freezing and cooling temperatures. The conservation of the antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract during storage was also evaluated. The packs containing tucumã pulp were stored under freezing and cooling temperatures. After 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days, it was verified the content of moisture, ash, pH, acidity, ethereal extract, β-carotene, vitamin A, energy, microbiological growth (coliforms and Salmonella), and antioxidant activity. It was found the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins in the methanolic extract; alkaloids and steroids in the hexanic extract, and remarkable antioxidant activity for DPPH • scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid system. It was not found the presence of quercetin in the methanolic neither in the hexanic extract of tucumã pulp. It was found a 5.65 SPF in the methanolic extract, and the lack of sun protection activity in the hexanic extract. The tucumã pulp showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic strains. Conservation promoted by the vacuum packaging associated with freezing and cooling temperatures showed that the values of moisture, ash, pH, β-carotene and vitamin A are retained by the use of vacuum packaging, in freezing or cooling temperatures for 5 months of storage; acidity is conserved in vacuum packages only in a freezer for 10 days; the ethereal extract values are kept for 3 months in a freezer, and 1 month when cooled; and the energy contained in the pulp is kept for 2 months under freezing, and for 10 days under cooling. It was not detected the presence of coliforms nor Salmonella during 5 months of storage in frozen and chilled samples; and the antioxidant activity remained preserved for 2 months for frozen samples, not being preserved in refrigerated samples. It can be concluded with this work that the tucumã pulp has a high biotechnological potential for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, as it presents significant antioxidant activity. The use of vacuum packaging under freezing is more efficient for conserving the nutritional properties of tucumã pulp, when compared to the cooling temperature. Keywords: tucumã, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Biotechnology, Phytochemistry, antioxidant, sunscreen, SPF, anti-microbial, conservation, vacuum.