Entre doutos e leigas: criminalização e resistência das práticas populares de saúde e o discurso médico-científico sobre corpos generificados (São Paulo - 1894-1914)

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Patrícia Rocha
• Orientador(a): Dias, Luiz Antonio
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História
• Departamento: Faculdade de Ciências Sociais
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Práticas populares de saúde; Medicina tradicional; Medicalização social; Relações de gênero; História das mulheres
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Popular health practices; Traditional medicine; Social medicalization; Gender relations; Women's history
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/32651

This essay analyses as research object the popular health practices developed through the traditional knowledge of midwives, faith healers and traditional healers between the years 1894-1914 in São Paulo. Based on this theme, we discuss the crossings of the process of social medicalization that emerged at the beginning of the republican period on the aforementioned popular practices, as well as on the gender identities elaborated in this sociopolitical conjuncture. We understand medicalization as a biopolitical strategy and, therefore, as a mechanism of power over the human biological dimension, based on which the management of life and ways of leading it are promoted. In this sense, medicalization manifests itself as a discourse of authority that emanates from the dilution of medicine's intervention frontiers, which starts to act directly on different agendas, elaborating social diagnoses. In this context, the following problem is elaborated: how was the process of criminalization of popular health practices established and the containment of its elaboration and diffusion and how did resistance manifest itself in the face of the dynamics of medicalization? How did such historical developments favor the elaboration of stereotyped discourses around sexual and gender identities? Such questions drive the attempt to highlight the political projects that resulted in the criminalization of popular health practices and to reflect on how this historical development favored the constitution of a sexist, classist and racist monopoly of medical practices which culminated in promoting and spreading stereotyped views about gender identities. Specifically, this research is developed based on the following guiding objectives: 1) to understand how republican ideals promoted the classist and sexist monopoly of medical-scientific knowledge and practices; 2) to assess the representations of the elites of São Paulo about popular health practices; 3) to evaluate possible cultural circularities between traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge; 4) to analyze how the process of male domination in the medical-scientific field promoted the control of female bodies and the dissemination of social gender standards, anchored in naturalizing sexist optics; 5) investigate the historical processes of cultural resistance experienced by midwives, faith healers and traditional healers o do so, we dialogue in a fundamental way with gender and women's history studies and with Foucauldian works. As a documental source, we used the newspaper Correio Paulistano, official representative of the oligarchic republican state of São Paulo and, therefore, allied to the demands of the dominant classes; Revista Médica de São Paulo: a medical journal about medicine, surgery and hygiene, a relevant means of scientific discussion and an influential channel for the expression of medical intentions at the time; and legislation at the time (Penal Code of 1890, Federal Constitution of 1891, State Constitution of 1891 and other laws organized by the Health and Sanitary Services)