O método combinado de análise e síntese na filosofia do conhecimento kantiana

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Lazari, Juliano César de
• Orientador(a): Loparic, Zeljko
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: FILOSOFIA ALEMÃ; KANT, IMMANUEL - CRÍTICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO; ANÁLISE (FILOSOFIA); MÉTODO; SÍNTESE (FILOSOFIA)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3396

The main objective of this research is to present an interpretation about the method that Kant applied in order to solve the problem related to the establishment of the conditions of possibilities of synthetic judgments. This interpretation was build up according to Loparic’s point of view and many other aspects. We observed that the combination of the analysis and synthesis adapted to Ancient Greek Geometry is a plausible answer to the problems posed by Kant and it also make us understand many important aspects of his philosophy. In this study, we found some references that make us identify the method adopted by Kant. The analysis was focused on the book of the critical period – “The investigation of the Evidences of Principles of the Natural and Moral Theology. We also analyzed theoretical and philosophical books of the following period: “Prolegomenos” and “The Critic of Pure Sense”. We could reflect about many issues related to the method used - the answer depended on the choice of the interpretation originated by the hints given by Kant in order to identify the elements that were not mentioned by the author in an explicit way. However, they could show us a coherent methodology. We mainly tried to answer the following questions: What are the features of the analogy that exist between the method that is combined with philosophy and the one that is related to geometry – as Kant argued? Did the philosopher maintain his methodological believes in the critical period – that is – was he looking for, in the objects and in the concepts, openly immediate characteristic notes as propositions that could not be demonstrated?The analyze of Loparic’s interpretation demonstrated us that the combination method of the analyzes and the synthesis of the Greek Geometry influence Kant’s methodology as well as his theorizations about the notions of the phenomenon and númeno and also about the operations of concept construction by pure intuitions. Thus, the main feature of Kant’s method was to search for conditioners of thinking and knowing process as a regressive movement in the analysis. Apart from that, this method also articulated as a “constructor”, as the Greek geometry, the elements that were found in the synthetic knowledge conditioners of nature knowledge. That final movement, that was also called progressive, was related to the synthetic method. We also could add that Kant was concern to the rejection of alternative candidates or of complements to the conditioners. Although the philosopher did not recommend it, he used the method of reduction to the absurd as a complement to the ostensive prove in the demonstration of the legitimacy of conditions. On the other hand, we could not justify the maintenance of the ideal search for propositions that could not be demonstrated due to the lack of evidences in the texts that were analyzed. But, we also can make conjectures about an analogy with Mathematics.