Nefropatia induzida por contraste e uso concomitante de medicamentos em tomografia computadorizada

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Proença, Maria Conceição da Costa
• Orientador(a): D'Avila, Domingos Otávio Lorenzoni
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: MEDICINA; CLÍNICA MÉDICA; NEFROLOGIA; NEFROPATIAS; TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA; MEIOS DE CONTRASTE
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4359

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a widely used expression referring to a decrease in renal function after contrast administration. It has been characterized as an absolute increase in serum creatinine concentration of at least 0. 5 mg/dL or an of at least 25% increase, from baseline, 48 to 72 hours after intravenous contrast infusion, in the absence of another cause.Objective: To evaluate the association between contrast-induced nephropathy and the concomitant use of drugs or risk factors, in patients undergoing computerized tomography.Materials and methods: A cohort of 400 patients undergoing computerized tomography with iodine contrast. Evaluated variables were: gender, age, co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, obesity and renal failure), use of medication (metformin, acetilsalysilic acid, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, betablockers) and use of preventive measures. Serum creatinine was measured before, and 48 hours after contrast infusion. Current definitions were used throughout to characterize contrast-induced nephropathy occurrence. Risk factors were evaluated by a multivariate linear regression model.Results: Contrast-induced nephropathy incidence was 20. 6% (28/136) in patient using drugs and 12. 9% (34/264) in patient not using (p=0. 061). It was 19. 9% and 12. 9% (p=0. 091), respectively, by the percent increase criterion. Yet, by the absolute creatinine level increase, the incidence was 8. 8% and 1. 1% (p≤0. 001), respectively. Factors significantly associated with increased post-infusion creatinine levels were: male gender, old age, obesity, congestive heart failure, diabetes, decreased renal function, hypertension, no preventive measures, acetilsalysilic acid, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and betablockers use. Presence of congestive heart failure, reduced kidney function and diabetes remained positively associated in a multivariate regression model, whereas use of preventive measures and metformin were negatively associated.Conclusion: Incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy was higher in patients with previous diabetes, kidney or heart disease. Preventive measures and use of metformin may protective against it.