Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2018 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
ALMEIDA NETO, Miguel Santana de
 |
| Orientador(a): |
MOURÃO, José da Silva |
| Banca de defesa: |
LOPES, Sérgio de Faria,
GOMES, Paula Braga,
MOLOZZI, Joseline,
MELO JÚNIOR, Mauro de |
| Tipo de documento: |
Tese
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
|
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza
|
| Departamento: |
Departamento de Biologia
|
| País: |
Brasil
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
|
| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
|
| Link de acesso: |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7766
|
Resumo: |
The strategies of obtaining resources of the different human populations have been better understood through models developed by Optimal Foraging Theory. This study will be used: the Patch Choice Model, which admits that the environment is heterogeneous and that the forager optimizes its activity by selecting the most profitable patches; and the central place foraging model, which includes as elements the travel to the foraging site, the time spent in the foraging and the time of return to the central place. In this sense, this study sought to characterize the fishing activity, as well as to understand the strategies and techniques of optimization of the artisanal fishing in a reservoir in the state of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil, using different time scales and applying the predictions of foraging models in the local central and stain choice. In addition, we sought to describe the fishing activity at the place of study as well as its history in the place. In order to clarify these questions, this thesis is divided into three chapters: the first objective was to analyze the local ecological knowledge of the fishermen about the wealth and use of the ichthyofauna, as well as the history of the local fishing activity, in a fishing community formed four decades ago, after the construction of a reservoir in the Brazilian northeast; the second sought to understand the strategies of optimization of artisanal fishing, based on the Central Place Foraging Model, taking into account the decision-making process of the artisanal fishermen on the time of travel to the place of fishing, the time of permanence in the spot and the fishing technique employed; and the third one was developed based on the prediction of the Patch Choice Model, aiming to understand the decision-making process of the artisanal fishermen about the daily choice of their fishing sites, considering the daily and seasonal variations in the quality of the patches. All the research was carried out with artisanal fishermen from the fishermen's colony Z-18, in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. A total of 65 artisanal fishermen participated in this study through interviews and landing follow-ups in July/2015 and January/2016. The first chapter revealed the adaptability of the local community to the environmental changes that occurred and the economic character of the local fishing, besides the artisanal fishing became the main economic activity after the construction of the dam, where it was formerly agriculture. The fisheries take place under family economy, with the use of different paraphernalia. There were 54 popular fish names, corresponding to 29 taxa. In the second research, it was observed that the seasonality and the selected fishing technique interfered in the behavior of the fishermen, with the total or partial adjustment of the fisheries to the predictions of the Central Place Model, however, other factors interfered in the decision of the artisanal fishermen, revealing that the use of strategies that involve "non-ideal" behaviors may be advantageous for fishermen facing their individual needs. The influence of social factors on strategies for obtaining resources was evident in the decision-making process of artisanal fishermen on the choice of foraging site, since the selection of fishing sites was based on local rules of territoriality among the fishermen participating in this research. The analyzes carried out in this study provided relevant and robust information to understand human behavior and adaptability regarding the use of different resources and levels of exploitation. Access to local ecological knowledge is also an important tool for the valuation of artisanal fishermen, helping with important information for the conservation and sustainable use of the resources they use. In addition, our results provide subsidies that can contribute to the conservation of the environment, since the fishery data obtained allow for the design and management of more appropriate management measures for the local reality, avoiding the depletion of fish stocks and promoting the conservation of the environment fauna and the ecosystem. |
