Avaliação da erosão hídrica e transporte de sedimentos através do modelo hidrossedimentológico SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Guedes Junior, Edvaldo [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hydrography; Hidrografia; Bacias hidrograficas; Erosão
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134019; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/12-01-2016/000856792.pdf

The demand for natural resources has promoted pressures on the environment that put's in a threat the nature's ability to renew their resources. In terms of soil and water resources of great importance for sustaining life on Earth, has been observed their deterioration growing caused mainly by the increase of areas designed to suply agricultural, energy and mineral demands, which make up the set of inputs necessary to maintain the current standards of consumption of modern societies. Among the problems related to the environment, the acceleration of erosion is one of a major environmental degradation agents destroying the fertile soil layers. To settle this problem, mathematical models of physical base integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are an important tool to predict the impacts to the environment due to the use and coverage of the Earth's surface. In this work, the hydrosedimentological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool - Arnold et all, 1998) was applied to two homogeneous watershed as their climate and heterogeneous characteristics as its lithology and soil compositions. The objective was analyze the performance of erosive processes in this context. The model was programmed to run three scenarios. In the first scenario, the SWAT was set to run 21 years of hydrography process. In second scenario scheduled to run for 10 years and in scenario three, set by one year of process. The most consistent results were those presented in scenario 1 with a maximum production of sediments in January equivalent to 28.34 t /ha in the Ribeirão Grande Monjolo watershed and 25.15 t / ha in Ribeirão Jacutinga watershed