Avaliação da sensibilidade de organismos aquáticos e terrestres ao triclopyr

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Bastos, Joani Cristina Húngaro Aires da Gama [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Indicadores biológicos; Herbicidas; Resíduos; Toxicidade Aguda; Toxicidade - Testes; Indicators (Biology)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136029; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/15-02-2016/000858310.pdf

Improper use of herbicides such as triclopyr may generate residues in soil and water that can endanger the balance of the environment. To understand the effects of this herbicide in the environment, this aims to classify the triclopyr for its acute toxicity to five aquatic species, select non-target species for the environmental monitoring of this molecule based on three environmental poisoning risk ratings, select plants indicators of the presence of herbicide residues in the soil and if it is safe to be used for controlling weeds. For acute toxicity to non-target organisms were conducted acute toxicity tests with the Mato Grosso (Hyphessobycon eques), snail (Pomacea canaliculata), Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. The risk of environmental poisoning has been classified according to three classifications, which was calculated by dividing the value of the estimated environmental concentration (mg L-1) and the CL50 or CE50 (mg L -1) for each non-target organism. For their presence in the soil tests were conducted at room acclimatized to the species Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and radish (Raphanus sativus) at concentrations of 0.0; 0.5 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 mg L-1, the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of the plants were carried out on the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 14th day after application and after 14 days an assessment was made of plant height and total dry matter. Assessing the effectiveness of triclopyr was conducted in a greenhouse, the doses used were 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 L ha-1, and species used were Myriofyllum aquaticum, Nymphoide indica and Limnobium laevigatum. The CL50 and CE50 for 48h triclopyr was 0.61 and 0.62 mg L-1 for H. eques and D. magna respectively, P. canaliculata, A. caroliniana and L. minor CE50, 7 days were 4.67; 10.52 and 6.95 mg L-1, respectively, ranking as moderately toxic to L. minor, A. caroliniana and P. canaliculata as high or highly toxic to H. eques ...