O papel do Brasil no comércio internacional de água virtual: uma análise insumo-produto

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Bergmann, Ana Claudia
• Orientador(a): Gonçalves Junior, Carlos Alberto
• Banca de defesa: Gonçaves Júnior, Carlos Alberto , Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Visentin, Jaqueline Coelho
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Toledo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Água virtual; Recursos hídricos; Insumo-produto
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Virtual water; Water resources; Input-output table.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/4544

Water is essential in the survival of living beings and ecosystems, and for economic development, understanding its supply and demand and comprehending the international trade relations explain the dependence on water resources between countries. Therefore, the term virtual water is related to the amount of water required in the production of a good or a service. Also, virtual water is related to the needs of a nation, leading to questioning how much water a nation can save, in terms of national water, if import a product rather than producing it. Understanding that Brazil is the second largest agricultural exporter in the world and knowing that the agricultural sector requires the greatest demand for water resources, this study investigated the interdependence between Brazil and the other countries regarding the amount of domestic virtual water in imports and exports. By adapting the hypothetical extraction method proposed by Los et al. (2016) and the input-output tables with environmental accounts from 1995 to 2009 (WIOD, 2012), it was found that, in general, the average export of Brazilian domestic virtual water of blue, gray and green resources are 12, 7 and 129 billion m³ per year, respectively. On the other hand, the Brazilian average imports of domestic virtual water of blue, gray and green resources are 4, 3 and 16 billion m³ per year, respectively. Consequently, it indicates a deficit situation in Brazil, once the country exports more than imports water resources embedded in the products. In addition, the research analyzed the relation between the domestic value added of Brazil with the amount of exported virtual water, resulting in an average of U$ 0,67/m³ of water. Whereas, when comparing the relation between domestic value added of the other economic groups related to exports to Brazil, the virtual water average was U$ 22,29/m³. Finally, it indicates that the water resources embedded in the production processes of Brazilian products represents 33 time less in domestic value added that Brazil generates in other countries when related to the amount of virtual water imported by Brazil. The result consists with the types of products imported and exported by Brazil.