Benefits from ants to plants with a special scrutiny on protection against herbivory: a revisit on the Cecropia-Azteca system

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Inácio José de Melo Teles e
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mutualismo; Relação inseto-planta; Ecologia; Ecologia Aplicada
• Link de acesso: https://locus.ufv.br//handle/123456789/28518

Mutualism and herbivory are antagonic ecologic relations. Mutualism is an interaction with mutual benefits for the involved species. Herbivory, on the other hand, is a predation interaction, in which a herbivore species benefits feeding on a usually impaired plant. Both interactions are found in myrmecophytic systems. In such mutualistic systems, plants offer shelter and food to ants, that, in exchange, benefit plants through many mechanisms, being herbivory protection the most evident. In parallel, plants can also use other strategies, like the production of chemical compounds and morphological structures. Moreover, plant physical and physiological responses to herbivory can change throughout its development. Our aim was to investigate all the known potential benefits from ants to plants. In addition, we addressed the effects of herbivory on plant growth along its ontogenetic development. Through an long-term experiment, we monitored Cecropia glaziovii individuals during 54 months. We collected data monthly on plant growth, herbivory, nutrition, investiment in chemical and physical defenses and colonization by ants. We showed here that Azteca muelleri ants benefit their host plants growth via protection against herbivores and pathogens, nutrition and energy saving from other defensive strategies. Moreover, herbivory only impairs plants in the phase after the ant colonization. Here, we conclusively demonstrate the beneficial effects of ants to plants, beyond the classic herbivory protection. In addition, we showed that plant ontogenetic stage is determinant to its response to herbivory.