Pestivirusin pigs: a systematic review and occurrence in the micro-region of Ponte Nova, Brazil

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Uzoka, Ugonna Henry
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Medicina Veterinária
• Palavras-chave em Português: Suíno - Doenças; Pestivirus; Anticorpos; Medicina Veterinária Preventiva
• Link de acesso: https://locus.ufv.br//handle/123456789/31074; https://doi.org/10.47328/ufvbbt.2023.158

Pestiviruses are worldwide in distribution, causing a significant economic loss in the livestock industry. Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) affects piglets and causes high mortality as a result of the neurological signs that make them unable to suckle. Bovine Viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is another pestivirus that affects pigs and has cattle as the major host and mixed farming of both species can lead to transmission of the disease leading to severe economic loss and difficulty in diagnosis of classical swine fever. Thus, the first study comprises a systematic review of the prevalence of APPV in pigs in the world. In the systematic review, we collectedas many relevant citations as possible regarding different countries that have reported the prevalence of APPV from 2015 to 2022. From the selected articles, data from the year of sample collection, the diagnostic technique, the samples used, the animal stage sampled, and the clinical signs were extracted. This systematic review found that real-time RT-PCR was used most often to detect the APPV genome in serum and/or tissue samples, also APPV is linked to CT in piglets. We also found that APPV infection can occur in herds with no clinicaldisease and that boars may play a critical role in APPV epidemiology. The review suggests that researchers in different countries study healthy pigs, CT piglets, and boars to find out the prevalence of APPV which will enhance the epidemiology survey. The second study on the occurrence and distribution of antibodies against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 using a viral neutralization test in nine swine farms in the micro-region of Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais State,Brazil to be informed on its prevalence in sows and finished pigs. Four hundred serum samples from sows and finished pigs (200 each) were collected from nine farms in six municipalities; Jequeri, Rio Casca, Urucania, Ponte Nova, Teixeras, and Coimbra all in the microregion of Ponte Nova revealed low antibody titers (between 2 - 3.32 in log2). A BVDV prevalence of 4.75% was recorded and a herd prevalence of 44.4%. BVDV-1 had a prevalence of 0.25% and BVDV-2 4.5%. No prevalence was recorded in the farms from Rio Casca and Ponte Nova. Finished pigs recording more prevalence. These positive regions should be under close observation by the veterinary inspection services department as the presence of BVDVantibodies in swine serum can lead to false positive results of classical swine fever because of serological cross-reaction which can hamper CSF eradication programs. Keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Revalence. Atypical porcine pestivirus. Virus. Congenital tremor. Swine.