Repercussão metabólica e cardiovascular do consumo de uma dieta hipercalórica associada a uma sobrecarga de sal em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR)

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Marina Soares De [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hypercaloric diet; High-Salt diet; Hypertension; Autonomic control; Metabolic syndrome; Dieta hipercalórica; Dieta hipersalínica; Hipertensão; Controle autonômico; Síndrome metabólica
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=6369182; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/52422

Introduction: The association of arterial hypertension with poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle are of worldwide concern due to the increasing increase of morbimortality due to cardiovascular diseases, so it is necessary to better understand the health impacts investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic repercussion of an associated unbalanced diet to salt consumption in hypertensive individuals. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of the association of hypercaloric diet and acute salt overload in the autonomic cardiovascular control and in the metabolic profile of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), recently weaned, were divided into 4 groups (n = 6-12/each): Control Group (HC); Salt Group (HS); Group Hypercaloric diet (HD); Diet + Salt Group (HDS). HC and HS were fed commercial feed and HD and HDS ingested hypercaloric manipulated feed for 8 weeks. HS and HDS groups ingested water with 1% increased salt over the last 10 days of protocol. Animals and feed intake were measured weekly. Tests were performed for fasting glycemia (FG), glucose tolerance (GTT) and lipid profile. The acquisition of blood pressure and administration of vasoactive drugs were performed through catheterization of the femoral artery and vein, respectively. The arterial catheter was connected to a data acquisition system (Windaq®, 4kHz) for analysis of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HRV) and systolic (VPS) variability (CardioSeries®). The animals were euthanized with ketamine (210 mg/kg) and xylazine (36 mg/kg), in which blood was collected to obtain serum, heart and visceral fats for weighing. Results: All groups fed similar amounts of feed, but HD and HDS ingested more kcal than HC and HS, and HD and HDS ingested more lipids than HC and HS. Dietary animals finished the protocols with lower weight, nevertheless, the HD group had a higher Lee index than the other groups. FG was higher in the HD and HDS groups and the HD GTT was higher HC and HDS higher than the other groups. HS had lower body fat than HC, since HD had more deposition of retroperitoneal and epididimal fat than HC and HS and HDS more than all the other groups. HD cholesterol was higher than the other groups, other components of the lipid profile showed no statistical difference. HS PAM was higher than HC and HDS was higher than all groups. There was no difference in HR. HRV was higher in HS than in HC and LF percentage of HDS was higher than HC and HS. HD showed lower VPS in relation to HC. There was no difference in baroreflex sensitivity between all groups. Conclusion: It was observed that the salt-associated diet was able to exacerbate MAP in already hypertensive rats, besides increasing cardiac sympathetic modulation. The diet was also able to increase visceral adiposity and decrease glucose tolerance, which shows that young patients with systemic arterial hypertension aggravate their metabolic state by ingesting high calorie ration and exaggerated consumption of salt, which can induce a metabolic syndrome.