Estudo econômico, de qualidade de vida, prospectivo e comparativo entre hemodiálise e diálise peritoneal no tratamento da insuficiência renal crônica

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes de [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Custos de doenças; Diálise; Doença crônica; Qualidade de vida; Terapia renal substitutiva; Análise custo-benefício
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9580

Introduction: Conventional hemodialysis (HD) and ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) are different types of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). HD predominates around the world. The literature on patient quality of life (QoL) and the cost to these patients is robust, but there is no clear consensus as to the differences between the two therapies. Prospective and comparative studies are scarce. Objective: Prospective assessment and description of the quality of life, resources used and total patient costs for both HD and PD. Methodology: Between April 2007 and February 2009, 249 patients on HD and 228 on PD were assessed. All patients were 18 years or over and on stable dialysis, with no co-morbidities to compete with severity or resources. The information was collected at three different moments (baseline at the start of the study, at 6 months and at 12 months) using standard questionnaires (clinical data and resources used), SF-12 and KDQoL (Kidney Disease Quality of Life) in all three follow-up moments. The source for costs was the SUS Table (SUS is the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System) for items listed in directive 2041/96, and for maintenance dialysis, we added the average cost of the packages reimbursed by supplemental healthcare systems. The perspective was society as a whole. Statistical analysis: We measured core trends and dispersions. Student.s T test was used to compare QoL. The percent change in QoL scores was assessed using the Benhamin-Hochberg test. Regression models were developed to assess the impact of modality on the following aspects: QoL in the three moments; (2) the change in QoL during follow-up and (3) on the average total cost per patient per year. The models were adjusted for age, gender, payor, comorbidity, phosphorous and hemoglobin. Results: 189 out of 249 (76%) of the HD patients and 161 out of 228 (71%) of the PD dialysis patients completed the follow-up period. The average age was 55.8 and 58.9 years (p=0.001) for HD and DP patients respectively. 59% and 68% had been diagnosed with diabetes (p=0.03). The SF-12 summaries showed no significant statistical differences between the two groups. In the KDQoL domains we noticed that patient satisfaction (p= 0.002, 0.005, 0.005, respectively), encouragement and support (p=0.003, 0.017, 0.029) and burden of disease (p=0.003, 0.017, 0.057) persistently favored the PD patients in all three moments. The HD group showed the largest variations over time, with worsening cognitive status (p=0.045), and improvement in encouragement (p=0.041), and health status (p=0.12). The average total cost per patient per year was US{dollar} 8.570 for HD patients and US{dollar} 27,158 for PD patients. Costs break down into medico-hospital (82.3% and 96% respectively for HD and PD patients respectively), non medico-hospital direct costs (5.3% for HD and 3.7% for PD patients), and indirect costs (12.4% and 9.8% respectively). The multiple linear regression models show that in numerous domains PD has a favorable influence on QoL. No domain favored HD. In addition, the PD modality favored PD costs (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: In some QoL domains differences favor the PD group. These differences are clinically significant. The difference in average total cost was statistically significant.