Eventos adversos pós-vacinais em crianças até seis meses de vida

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Raquel Melo
• Orientador(a): Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Sergipe
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vacinação infantil; Atraso vacinal; Efeitos adversos; Pentavalente
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Vaccine; Childhood vaccination; Post-vaccination adverse events; Delayed immunization; Pentavalent vaccine
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3875

INTRODUCTION: Immunizing children from early life is an action of specific protection against infectious diseases, which contributes to improving the health status of a community. There are many vaccines that children receive in the first year of life for the prevention of various diseases, most of which are injectable. In order to reduce the number of injections at the same moment, were developed vaccines combined into a single presentation. The newer vaccines introduced in the childhood vaccination schedule were the pentavalent (DTP + Hib + HB) and polio inactivated vaccine (VIP/Salk). Despite the high standard of safety, vaccines are not entirely free to produce adverse effects, but the risk of serious complications are much smaller than those produced by the diseases against which they protect. OBJECTIVE: To describe the vaccination status of children 2-6 months of life as the vaccine adverse events and their associations. METHODS: A descriptive study of prospective cohort with a quantitative approach in the city of Aracaju, in two public hospitals, with 222 children 6 months of life covered with vaccines the child basic calendar. Two written forms were used, a socioeconomicdemographic and other research of adverse events, applied to the child´s caregiver at the time the child attended the vaccination room to start their vaccination schedule. These children were followed up monthly, until they reached the vaccination course at 6 months of life. The research about the vaccine adverse events was conducted through telephone contact with their guardians within 72 hours after vaccination. For analysis, was used the SPSS Statistics program. The results were analyzed using single frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The associations were evaluated using chi-square test of Pearson or Fisher´s exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 222 children who received a total of 1029 doses of vaccine were assessed. Most of the children were born in the city of Aracaju (95%), presented weight ≥ 2500g at birth (91%); started the vaccination program at USF at 2 months of life (93%). According to the obstetrical history, most realized the prenatal care (53%); the type of childbirth was normal (68%) and full-term pregnancies (88%). The delay in the vaccination schedule was present in 50% (110). The prevalence of adverse event was 65%. Fever 73% (480), 363 local pain (55%), irritability 348 (53%) and persistent crying (59%), are presented as the most frequent adverse events in children vaccinated with pentavalent.CONCLUSION: Half of children presenting delayed vaccination schedule, or even incomplete scheme. Prevalence of 65% post-vaccination adverse events was high. The most common adverse events in children vaccinated by the pentavalent, in our research were: fever, local pain, irritability and insistent cry, besides of local reactions. These events are known and are similar to those already caused by the tetravalent vaccine.