Práticas educativas e a formação em saúde para atenção primária à saúde

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Assis, Vivianne de Lima Biana
• Orientador(a): Lyra Júnior, Divaldo Pereira de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ciências da saúde; Educação em saúde; Ensino superior; Atenção primária a saúde; Formação em saúde
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Health Sciences; Health Education; Higher Education; Primary Health Care; Health training
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/16847

The educational practices as an attribution of the health professional in the Primary Health Care setting are part of the work process of the teams and, therefore, health education faces challenges in the search for changing the training of health professionals. This thesis aims to identify the teaching methods for Primary Health Care training in Physical Therapy and medicine courses, as well as to analyze the educational practices carried out in Primary Health Care by medical students from public and private universities in the city of Maceió. For this purpose two researches were carried out, a systematic review and a qualitative study. For systematic review the databases used were Education Resources Information Center and Pubmed with the studies published until November 21, 2019, in English, Spanish and Portuguese and from the literature search 1,767 articles were identified, of these 1,424 were excluded after reading titles and abstracts, being included in the study 31 articles. In view of the heterogeneity of methods and tools used, they were divided into non-experiential, experiential, and mixed. It was possible to present several teaching methods and educational tools used and their effectiveness; the profile of professionals for this practice scenario; the change in the training of professionals looking at the person and not the disease; as well as gaps on the subject in the literature and elaborate recommendations for future studies. The qualitative study considered the content analysis according to Bardin's sets of descriptive categories, and so 38 students were interviewed. From the content analysis four thematic axes and their respective categories were evidenced, being these axes: "Health Education", "Practical Experience", "Health Care" and "Educational Actions". Through discourse analysis, this study understood the medical student's perception about the educational practices offered in Primary Care, showing that health education provided proximity to the reality of the community, creation of a bond with users and health team, appreciation of teamwork and recognition of the physician's role in this scenario. On the other hand, limitations and challenges were revealed in the students' statements, such as: resistance of health professionals to receive the students, the precariousness of the physical structure, and the low adherence of users to the educational practices. Thus, it is expected that this thesis contributes to the discussion about the challenges faced by health training since it presents information about the effectiveness of teaching methods and educational tools that precede clinical practice, in addition to presenting the potential and weaknesses of educational practices carried out in primary care.