Estudo do SNP A35C no gene da SOD-1 (rs2234694), status de zinco, padrão alimentar e risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Gabrielli Barbosa de
• Orientador(a): Pires, Liliane Viana
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição
• Palavras-chave em Português: Diabetes; Glicemia; Sistema cardiovascular; Fatores de risco; Dieta; Zinco; Polimorfismo; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único; Padrão alimentar; Risco cardiovascular; Controle glicêmico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Dietary pattern; Zinc; Cardiovascular risk; Glycemic control
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/11877

The presence of polymorphisms in the gene of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), zinc dependent enzyme in its catalytic site, may compromise the activity of this enzyme and bring consequences to the body's antioxidant defense. The high oxidative stress present in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases in these individuals. Moreover, dietary factors play a crucial role in the metabolic control of DM2. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to systematize a literature review with the theme of dietary patterns and glycemic control in individuals with T2DM, as well as to evaluate the association of the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R), zinc nutritional status, glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, SOD enzymatic activity, and the presence of A35C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SOD1 gene (rs2234694) of individuals with T2DM. To this end, a systematic review was initially carried out, including published clinical trials of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and Open Thesis databases. The relevant results to the objective were extracted and the risk of bias was evaluated. All steps were performed by two independent evaluators. In parallel, a cross-sectional study was performed with 110 adult individuals with T2DM, who were evaluated for the presence of SNP A35C (rs2234694), SOD enzymatic activity, zinc, glycemic and lipid status markers, cardiovascular risk (Framingham score), dietary intake and diet quality (IQD-R). The usual intake was estimated by the Multiple Source Method and adjusted by the residual method. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to verify the normality of the data. The individuals were grouped into clusters according to similarities in waist circumference (WC), erythrocyte zinc, Framingham score, IQD-R score and presence or not of the variant allele of the studied SNP, and also according to similarities in the IQD-R component variables by Hierarchical Analysis of Data. In addition, a binary logistic regression model was constructed. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. The results of the systematic review showed that vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns reduced on average 0.8% of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, considering all included studies. Reduction in fasting blood glucose and improvement in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity were also observed. In the evaluation of individuals with T2DM - who presented higher values of weigh, Body Mass Index (BMI), WC and body fat percentage - the glycemic control and zinc status were deficient, the antioxidant activity of SOD and diet quality were reduced and cardiovascular risk was high. As for genotyping, the absence of the variant allele was likely to reduce serum glucose by 0.566 times (p = 0.009). High cardiovascular risk was related to overweight, poor diet quality and poor glycemic control. In addition, the presence of the SNP studied was not related to zinc status, cardiovascular risk and diet quality. The adoption of dietary patterns was beneficial for glycemic control of individuals with T2DM, due to the presence of fibers and antioxidants in these dietary patterns, together with external factors. Furthermore, the poor glycemic control of T2DM individuals was associated with zinc deficiency and reduced antioxidant protection by SOD, low diet quality and high cardiovascular risk. In addition, the absence of the variant allele (C) of the studied SNP was associated with the probability of reducing serum glucose concentrations.