Corpos supérfluos socialmente necessários: o caso dos entregadores ciclistas de aplicativos de Aracaju (SE)

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Roger Carlos Ferreira Alves
• Orientador(a): Silva, Tania Elias Magno da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Sociologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Trabalhadores autônomos; Neoliberalismo; Ciclistas (emprego); Corpo; Precarização do trabalho; Novos desvalidos; Entregadores ciclistas; Entregadores de aplicativos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Bodie; Precariousness of work; New underprivileged; Neoliberalism; Cyclist app delivery drivers
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/19640

The present research aimed to investigate the psychophysical repercussions of datafication and surveillance – two non-exclusive facets of the neoliberal capitalism – on the constitution of subjects’ performance under unequal circumstances, specifically those who are part of the list of socially necessary superfluous bodies. The encouragement of entrepreneurship by digital platforms – startups or food techs – companies that promote the connection between commercial establishments, consumers and delivery people is not intended to grant them autonomy, despite the slogan you are your own boss. Thus, under the premise of unlimited freedom, a subtle and effective process of submission of these bodies is hidden through the establishment of self- exploration by inflecting the power techniques of the disciplinary society with the new power techniques of the neoliberal order. If previously the starting point was the docilization of bodies, the new techniques mentioned directly interfere with the control of subjectivities and emotions, as this is a shortcut to body docilization through (self) exploration. New power techniques and instrumental knowledge-power devices contribute, through an efficient and omnipresent algorithmic pedagogy, to successful social domination through the ideal of the self-made man. Therefore, the social research outlined here took as its starting point the real-life process of cyclist app delivery drivers in Aracaju (SE) to understand the use of their bodies in advanced technological society from a peripheral perspective. The capital of Sergipe, in its singularity, constituted the spatial scope of the research, empirically delimiting the theoretical scope of our investigative scope. It was necessary to capture the intertwining between the social structure and the fetishized praxis of these subjects who travel the streets of this city and the guidelines for human action of those who survive carrying out this activity. Representatives of the new underprivileged they experience in their bodies, here understood under the category of totality, the precariousness of work in the formalization of informality process and the existential precariousness established. We approached methodologically a flânerie that encompassed different moments through the following tools and instruments in data collection: a) direct observations recorded in a field diary, b) a questionnaire, and c) semistructured interviews. The population of informal workers who work in technology-mediated transport services includes drivers, as well as motorcycle couriers, and app cyclists. Considering that cyclists carry out an activity with a predominance of physical effort, since their work tool for commuting is the bicycle, they comprised the sample. The material included records in the field diary, the application of 41 questionnaires, and nine interviews. Among the mostly male interviewees, we highlight a single cyclist delivery driver (female) and a nonbinary person. There was a delivery man in transition to a formal occupation, and two of them no longer worked as app cyclist delivery men. The selection criteria were that they worked or had worked for at least three months. The discussion was based on understanding the use of bodies under neoliberal reasoning within the platformization of work based on the effects of physical, moral, psychological, and cognitive degradation that the promises of unlimited freedom impose on subjects under such circumstances. Thus, without any guarantee of return or success, at the simple price of becoming their own bosses or the luck factor, these prototypes of the new underprivileged are guarantors of their enterprise bodies in the face of the social consequences of platformization of work in contemporary capitalism.