| Resumo: |
The outer membrane of mammalian sperm is covered by the glycocalyx, a layer rich in carbohydrates which is crucial for the functions and interactions of male gametes with the extracellular environment. Several factors affect the motility and functional integrity of sperm, being the damage caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important factor. Lectins are proteins that bind specifically to carbohydrate residues. These proteins are useful tools for investigating the distribution and changes of membrane glycoconjugates. Studies have investigated the oxidative stress in sperm cells, however, to date, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of plant lectins on oxidative stress in spermatozoa. The present study aimed to investigate the pattern of binding and the effects of lectins ConA, extracted from Canavalia ensiformis, ConBol, extracted from C. boliviana, and ConBr, extracted from C. brasiliensis, on motility, viability, lipid peroxidation, and ROS generation in bovine sperm. The three lectins bound to sperm, but with some differences. It was observed that the lectin ConA did not bind to the equatorial segment located between the acrosomal cap and post-acrosomal region. In 18% of sperm cells labeled with ConBol there was not binding in the acrosome region and 45% of ConBr labeled cells showed a fragmented binding to the sperm head. Sperm incubation with Canavalia lectins produced a decrease in motility. ConA and ConBr demonstrated a strong effect to decline motility soon after incubation (13.3 ± 3.3% in both lectins vs. 60 ± 5.7%) (P<0.05). The lowest motility values found was at the 15 µg/ml concentration after 2h incubation for ConBr (1.6 ±1.7%). The cell viability and lipid peroxidation were not affected by any lectin tested (P>0.05). However, ConA, ConBol and ConBr lectins showed similar behavior causing a increase of ROS production over time compared with control (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sperm incubation with ConA, ConBol and ConBr lectins induce a decrease in motility and an increase generation of ROS that can led to a spermatozoon dysfunction. |
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