A migração temporária de trabalhadores de São José de Piranhas-PB para o corte de cana-de-açúcar em São Paulo e Bahia: causas e impactos para o lugar de origem

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Fernando Vieira da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Geografia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Geografia social - Migrações temporárias; Dinâmicas locais - Trabalhadores; Cana-de-açúcar - Corte; Transformações - Sociedade; Lugar de origem; Social geography - Temporary migrations; Local Dynamics - Workers; Sugar cane - Cut; Transformations - Society; Hometown; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/27056

The creation of government programs such as the National Alcohol Program (PROÁLCOOL) and the National Sugar Cane Improvement Program (PLANALSÚCAR) encouraged a portion of the contingent of workers, migrants from municipalities in the Northeast region, who formerly sought mainly the large metropolises of the Southeast, to start seasonally heading to the interior of São Paulo aiming jobs of the sugarcane harvest, a fact that started to happen between the 1970s and 1980s, extending significantly to the present day. In this way, wage employment in the cane sugar plant has changed not only the lives of migrants and their families, as they are directly linked to the activity, but it has also significantly impacted the dynamics of the municipalities of origin, as is the case of São José de Piranhas in Paraíba, the interior of Brazil. For this reason, the choice of this municipality as a spatial clipping of this research is justified by the protagonism of this place as one of the main points of migratory origin from Paraíba to the sugarcane cutting, in which hundreds of people leave their homes and head to get a job in the sugarcane plants in São Paulo and more recently in Bahia, northeast region of Brazil. Thus, the main objective of the research is to analyze the dynamics and the local consequences of the temporary migration process of workers in São José de Piranhas-Paraíba to cut sugarcane in the cities of São Paulo and Bahia. Therefore, in this way, the migratory process in the Northeast and this municipality discussed, thus emphasizing the changes, especially from the 20th century onwards. The main subjects involved in the local migratory phenomenon characterized, also highlighting the role of the female figure. In addition, it examines the dynamics of the place and its relations with the migratory phenomenon, focusing mainly on the relationship between cause and effect. This study comprises the initial period of the 21st century to the year 2022. The methodological path followed consists of several steps, from reading bibliographies relevant to the theme to the systematization of data obtained through field research. The primary data are the result of semi-structured interviews carried out with 50 migrants and 20 women, 15 wives, and 5 mothers, all living in different locations in the municipality. Three owners of construction material stores in the municipality were also interviewed, two responsible for the Human Resources sector of sugarcane in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and the person responsible for the real estate agency that manages the largest subdivision in São José de Piranhas, state of Paraiba. Other complementary information comes from the Rural Workers Union and digital platforms such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. Therefore, the methodology used allowed us to understand the life situation of the people involved in this phenomenon and consequently the weaknesses of the place of origin. The results show that factors such as lack of work and income added to the lack of access to land ownership and the insufficiency of public policies and social programs have figured among the main factors for expulsion of these workers. They also show that, despite being temporary, local migrations have worked as an essential tool for improving the quality of life of families. These changes, however, take place beyond the family, as they strongly felt in different segments of the municipality such as commerce, real estate, land, and even in the local culture.