Hábitos prejudiciais à saúde: demanda e seus efeitos no atraso escolar e no mercado de trabalho

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Aléssio Tony Cavacante de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Economia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Fatores de risco; Risk factors; Demanda; Atraso escolar; Penalização salarial; Demand; School delay; Wage penalty; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/8115

This thesis consists of three essays related to demand for unhealthy products and the role of behavioral risk factors to health on school outcomes and the labor market. The first essay analyzes the demand of Brazilian families for alcoholic beverages and cigarettes, with emphasis on price and expenditure elasticities and simulations of changes in the prices of these items on the welfare. We use the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System and data from the Household Budget Survey 2008-2009 and the Smoking Supplement of the National Research by Household Sample 2008. The main results show that cigarettes and alcohol have positive expenditure elasticity of demand and substitution relationship in terms of cross-price, regardless of per capita income level and region of residence. Positive price changes in these items have low adjustment of demand, as well as the rate of required income compensation due to changes in cigarette prices is higher for richer households and regions. In turn, the second essay evaluates the role of exposure of students to behavioral risk factors to health – smoking, alcohol and overweight – in educational attainment in Brazil. We use microdata from the National Survey of School Health 2012 provided by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and parametric and nonparametric techniques to estimate the effect of exposure to these factors in the indicator of delay in school progression of students in the 9th grade of elementary school. The main results confirm the hypothesis that exposure to risk factors has direct effect on delay in school progression. Furthermore, these effects are more intense for students with lower socioeconomic level. Then, the findings of this study ratify the importance of public policies that promote prevention of these risk factors among children, once the exposure to risk factors to health generates repercussions not only in health but also in the educational component of human capital. Finally, the core purpose of the last essay is to explore the heterogeneity of the repercussion of unhealthy personal behaviors, expressed by cigarette smoking, on labor productivity and wage-risk trade-off. Based on the Special Smoking Survey included in the National Survey by Household Sample 2008 and Yearbook Statistics of Job Injuries 2008, the empirical models are developed by instrumental quantile regression. The findings show that the smoking wage penalty with endogeneity control is statistically significant over the distribution of labor income, with wage losses ranging from 15.2% to 36.5%. Furthermore, smokers receive a lower risk premium than nonsmokers in economic activities with higher incidence of nonfatal occupational injuries. According to these estimates, the value of a statistical injury per year is, on median, for non-smokers approximately R$ 6,400 per injury and R$ 3,500 for smokers, with differences also in the other quantiles of the conditional wage distribution.