Cemitérios e sustentabilidade: a elaboração de um termo de referência-modelo para o licenciamento ambiental

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Marina Silva Seabra da Rocha
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sustentabilidade; Cemitérios; Impacto ambiental; Arquitetura sustentável
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MMMD-B5TNP8

Nowadays there is an academic and media current that have labelled vertical cemeteries as a sustainable design alternative to traditional cemeteries. However, tools that evaluate cemeteries from the perspective of all relevant sustainable principles, were not found. Therefore, it is necessary to question the validity of this labelling and develop an innovative tool that will guide the evaluation of cemeteries projects according to the fundamentals of sustainability. The type of tool that will be developed is a term of reference (TR), that will be adaptable, and that will have as its goal the first created concept of sustainable necropolis. The choice of a TR as an instrument of environmental viability assessment for cemeteries is based on the National Environment Policy. It stipulates that all activity or project, potentially causing significant degradation, must be environmentally licensed. This procedure involves the development of a scoping, i.e. a TR. The TR content gives guidelines for the assessment feasibility of a project by means of an environmental impact assessment and its environmental impact report (EIA/RIMA). This process results in the granting of a license, which certifies the viability of the designs location and the technological alternatives, at the planning phase of the project, and provides guidelines for the following stages. The TR structure is based on the significant impacts related to the project. For this reason, in this research, the environmental impacts of a necropolis will be described through data obtained from bibliographical research. Since the term of reference should have as its goal the concept of sustainable cemetery, it is necessary to characterize the necropolis from the point of view of sustainability, by the systems theory. This is done by the characterization of functions, phases and subsystems of a necropolis systems model, based on the descriptions of the concerning aspects derived from bibliographical research. After this is accomplished, it is necessary to proceed with the development of the concept of sustainable necropolis and the term of reference, that are structured by the significant impacts and the described systems model and, in the case of the scope, based on referred cemeteries terms of reference. It is concluded that the overall objective of the study was achieved because a flexible and comprehensive tool was drawn up without, however, being too generic. For this reason it could become an instrument that will contribute to the assessment of sustainability of cemeteries anywhere in the world. Nevertheless, given the limitations pointed out, this study requires further information, particularly regarding the participation of a multidisciplinary team of researchers, thus allowing greater precision of the obtained results.