Banho pré-operatório em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia do quadril: ensaio clínico randomizado
| Ano de defesa: | 2018 |
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| Autor(a) principal: | |
| Orientador(a): | |
| Banca de defesa: | |
| Tipo de documento: | Tese |
| Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: | por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
UFMG |
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| País: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| Palavras-chave em Português: | |
| Link de acesso: | http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ENFC-B2RPFS |
Resumo: | Surgical site infections (SSI) are a major challenge for the patient, staff, and health institutions. An important risk factor in the pathogenesis of orthopedic surgical infections refers to the patients skin. The patients bath with antiseptic solutions in the preoperative period is recommended as measure to reduce the risk of SSI, despite controversies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention, preoperative bath, using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate solutions, 10% PVP-I and non-antiseptic soap in the prevention of SSI in patients submitted to elective hip arthroplasty surgery and the frequency of allergic reactions caused by the use of the solutions. Randomized, controlled clinical trial with masking of the researcher, patient and statistician using two intervention groups (PVP-I, chlorhexidine) and one control (non-antiseptic soap). The sample was consisted of 162 adult patients undergoing elective total hip replacement between August/2015 to October/2017, without infection at the surgical site and allergy solutions and non-nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. The randomization was performed by a computer program. The criteria for treatment discontinuity and intention-to-treat analysis were used. Each group consisted of 54 patients. In nursing consultation patients were instructed by the research nurse to take two baths: the day before the surgery at home and the day of the surgery in the hospital. The bath in the hospital was performed by a nursing professional. For the bath the patient received a closed brown envelope containing the bottle of the solution drawn, four sponges, and a manual that guided about the procedure. The primary outcome was ISC and the patients were monitored up to 90 postoperative days by phone calls and outpatients visits. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0, was used for analysis of the data. The effect on treatments was measured by comparing intervention and control group by incidence of ISC, Relative Risk and Absolute Risk Reduction. Clinical/epidemiological/surgical characteristics were similar among the patients of the three groups. The incidence of SSI in each group was 5.5% (3/54) [IC95% 1,2-15,4]. The superficial infection rate was 4.9% and deep 0.6%. The mean time to onset of infection was 19 days (SD ± 7.4). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 1.00). One patient presented an allergic reaction with the use of the PVP-I solution. The rate of adherence to the two baths was 99.4% (161/162). The results of this study corroborate recent systematic reviews that found no difference in surgical infection rates when the preoperative bath was performed with antiseptic solutions or soap. The preoperative nursing consultation may impact the rate of deep infection in elective hip arthroplasty surgery. The use of antiseptic solutions may cause allergic reactions on the patients skin during bathing and needs to be monitored. Caution is required when recommending the preoperative bath with antiseptic solution as a strategy to reduce surgical site infection. The orientation of the patient in the preoperative period of elective hip arthroplasty surgeries performed by the nurse can improve the quality of care provided to the surgical patient. Clinical Trials nº. NCTO3001102. |