Tolerância de variedades crioulas de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) ao estresse salino

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Praxedes, Saulo Samuel Carneiro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; Brasil; Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA; UFERSA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Manejo de Solo e Água
• Palavras-chave em Português: Emergência de plântulas; Salinidade da água; Trocas gasosas; Fluorescência da clorofila; Produção; Seedling emergence; Water salinity; Gas exchange; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Production; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO::MANEJO E CONSERVACAO DO SOLO
• Link de acesso: https://doi.org/10.21708/bdtd.ppgmsa.tese.7056; https://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/handle/prefix/7056

Cowpea is a source of protein and the main subsistence crop in the Brazilian semiarid region, where salinity is a limiting factor. The use of varieties tolerant to salt stress can improve agronomic performance in stressful environments. In this context, two different experiments were set up in a greenhouse, the first with the objective of studying the effects of irrigation water salinity in the emergency phase, and the second, studying the growth, photosynthesis, production and tolerance of traditional varieties of cowpea. In the first experiment, in a completely randomized design was used, in a factorial scheme 23 x 2, composed of 23 traditional varieties of cowpea (Canapu Vermelho, Boquinha, Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde, Ceará, Baeta, Manteiga, Roxão, Costela de Vaca, Feijão Branco, Coruja, Rabo de Peba Branco, Sopinha, Canapu Branco, Lisão, Canapu Miúdo, Sempre Verde Ligeiro, Vagem Roxa, Ovo de Peru, Rabo de Peba Miúdo, Feijão Azul, Canário and Paulistinha), and two levels of salinity of irrigation water (0,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), with four repetitions of 50 seeds, seedlings being evaluated for emergence, vigor, salinity tolerance index, and dissimilarity. The second experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a 15 x 2 factorial scheme, composed of 15 traditional varieties (Boquinha; Pingo de Ouro; Sempre Verde; Ceará; Baeta; Roxão; Costela de Vaca; Feijão Branco; Coruja; Canapu branco; Lisão; Canapu miúdo; Ovo de Peru; Canário e Paulistinha), and two levels of salinity of the irrigation water (0.5 and 4.5 dS m- 1), with five repetitions, the plants being cultivated in pots containing 10 dm3 of a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol for 80 days. The high salinity of irrigation water reduced the emergence, vigor and dry mass of cowpea seedlings. The varieties ‘Lisão’, ‘Costela de Vaca’, ‘Canário’, ‘Feijão Branco’, ‘Ceará’, and ‘Boquinha’ were the most tolerant to salinity, while the varieties ‘Sempre Verde’ and ‘Manteiga’ were the most sensitive to salinity in the emergency and initial growth phase. As for the production and accumulation of biomass, the varieties Coruja, Baeta, Feijão Branco, Canapu Branco, Canário, Canapu Miúdo, Paulistinha, Lisão, Roxão and Boquinha were classified as sensitive to excess of salts, whereas the tolerant varieties were Ovo de Peru, Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde, Costela de Vaca and Ceará. All tolerant varieties had similar production to the control due to the improvement in photosynthesis and water use efficiency