Da pandemia aos dias atuais: a percepção paterna sobre o brincar e da convivência com suas crianças

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: MendonçaJ únior, José Osivan
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Poder Familiar; Criança; Covid-19; Parenting; Child; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA::SAUDE PUBLICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/79959

Introduction: At the beginning of 2020, the world population was surprised by a pandemic and the arrival of Covid-19, causing repercussions of global magnitude affecting all health, economic and social sectors. Relationships between parents and children have been greatly affected during the period of physical distancing. In recent decades, a change has been noticed in the roles played by parents in caring for their children. Objective: To understand how the bond and playful activities between fathers and their children was established during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is a comprehensive study, with a qualitative approach and exploratory in nature, carried out from September to December 2023, using semi-structured interviews and, for the analysis and processing of empirical material, Bardin’s Thematic Content Analysis was used. It was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) with favorable opinion No. 6,301,257. The research was carried out using the following steps: 1. Selection and invitation to participate in the research; 2. Semi-structured interview with 14 parents (men); 3. Production of 4 short videos (shorts) with 3 fathers, running for a maximum of 5 minutes, introducing the childhood of these men, paternal care during the pandemic, ways of playing and the care they adopted during the pandemic period (of physical distancing) and how games are carried out today. 01 scientific article was published in chapter format and 03 articles in opinion format. Results: 14 (fourteen) men who had children cared for at IPREDE during the period of physical distancing were interviewed. After processing the content learned in the sessions, based on the characteristics of the thematic content analysis, three structuring axes were created that favored the categorization of the results found: "My father, my childhood: getting to know fathers’ childhood; Discovering being a father in pandemic: paternal perceptions of playing and care practices during the period of physical distancing; From anguish to hope: playing that saves and perspectives for the future". The analysis showed that the childhood of most of the men who participated in the research was marked by adverse situations, such as alcoholism on the part of their father and even violence against their mothers. Some participants also reported that labour was present in their childhood due to food insecurity and the social vulnerability scenario which they were part of. However, despite this, it was noticed that most parents have good memories of this period of their lives and the games they played were different from the current ones, as they played outdoors and in contact with nature, making their own toys, and in a safer way than today. In relation to the pandemic scenario, it was observed that the games played by children were, most of the time, restricted to the domestic environment and involved excessive use of screens. However, there were reports of artistic activities, the use of toys and even using their own furniture and utensils to play. Parents reported many challenges faced in caring for their children during this pandemic period, whether due to difficulties in living with their partners, fear related to physical and mental health or unemployment and food insecurity. However, the assistance they received from the government, public and private companies, was fundamental in helping them at that time. The majority of interviewees reported having better learned to live with children, playing and taking care of them, thus learning to actively practice fatherhood during the pandemic period, which served as a basis for the paternal experiences they have today. Nowadays, playing is carried out more often outside the domestic environments, despite high crime rates. Activities in the home environment were mostly described as using screens with internet access by children, but parents have shown concern and tried to control access to these digital resources. Research participants also reported the desire for their children to have a future which is different from the reality they had in their childhood, having access to education and a profession. Final considerations: It is of fundamental importance that public policies increasingly involve the issue of fatherhood in an intersectoral manner, elevating the paternal role as essential in the care and advancement of child development. We should listen more to the male public and discuss what it means to be a man, firstly, to then work on fatherhood and its perceptions. This intervention process is fundamental to breaking the cycle of transgenerational violence in which men are inserted and have been one of the main aggressors.