Extração do óleo de sementes de Mucuna utilizando dióxido de carbono supercrítico visando concentrar o farelo desengordurado em L-Dopa

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Garcia, Vitor Augusto dos Santos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrárias
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mucuna; L-Dopa; Extração por fluido supercrítico; Dióxido de carbono; Farelo desengordurado; Semente de Mucuna; Atividade antioxidante; Compostos fenólicos; Óleo de Mucuna; Ácidos graxos totais; Compostos livres de glicerol; Modelagem matemática; Cinética de extração.; Supercritical fluid extraction; Carbon dioxide.; Ciências Agrárias; Agronomia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1240

Mucuna is a legume, typical of tropical and subtropical regions and is widely used because it has allelopathic potential due to the presence of L-Dopa, which prevents the growth of weeds. L-Dopa is also used to treat Parkinson's disease and can act as antioxidant. Within this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the extraction of oil from the seeds of Mucuna varieties Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinerium and Mucuna deeringiana using carbon dioxide in pressurized conditions, dichloromethane and hexane as solvents in order to concentrate the compound L-Dopa the defatted meal. The experiments with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) were conducted in laboratory scale unit at temperatures of 40°C to 60°C, pressure 150 bar to 250 bar and flow of the solvent constant 3mL min-1. It was determined in the defatted bran content of L-Dopa, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and the effect of the application in soybean seeds. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of total fatty acids and free glycerol compounds in Mucuna seed oil are also reported. Mathematical modeling was performed by applying the empirical model of second order. The results indicated oil yields from the CO2 in the range from 2.13% to 4.59%, the experimental condition of 250 bar and 40°C showed the highest oil yields, consistent with the levels of presented L-Dopa (3.02% to 5.39%) indicating that the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an effective technique to concentrate this compound. In relation to organic solvent, the highest percentage of oil was obtained from hexane (5.22% to 7.44%), but the content of L-Dopa was smaller, (2.19% to 3.19% ). The different temperatures and pressures investigated in this study revealed no significant differences in relation to the profile of total fatty acids (TFA) to SFE, considering a significance level of 5% (p>0.05), and the main FFA identified in the oil Mucuna seeds were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. In the fraction of compounds that are not linked to glycerol were quantified free fatty acids (FFA), and these showed levels below 5% in all the oils investigated. In the experimental condition of EFS 176.7 bar - 60°C and dichloromethane were those with the highest percentages of phenolic compounds, 6.51 EAG 100g-1 and 6.29 EAG 100g-1, respectively. And the defatted meal of seeds of Mucuna cinerium was the variety with the highest antioxidant activity, obtaining an EC50 value of 20.38 µg mL-1. The seeds of soybean meal in the presence of defatted seeds of Mucuna deeringiana no significant differences in germination percentage, however, its implementation has significantly influenced the IVG (germination speed index) compared to control treatment. The mathematical model applied to experimental data on extraction with CO2 in pressurized conditions were adjusted in all operating conditions for oil extraction of Mucuna.