Licopeno na dieta de suínos na fase de terminação
| Ano de defesa: | 2017 |
|---|---|
| Autor(a) principal: | |
| Orientador(a): | |
| Banca de defesa: | |
| Tipo de documento: | Tese |
| Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: | por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia UEM Maringá, PR Centro de Ciências Agrárias |
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
| Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
| País: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: | |
| Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1583 |
Resumo: | Meat pork is a food rich in proteins and lipids that are highly susceptible to oxidation, which can compromise your nutritional and sensory characteristics. The recent advances in research point to an alternative to attenuate these undesirable effects with the use of dietary antioxidants. Among the natural antioxidants, lycopene is known to protect cells against damage caused by reactive oxygen species and prevents lipid peroxidation, in addition to exerting actions on the lipid components of the blood and the immune system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of lycopene supplementation for barrows and gilts pigs, from 75 to 100 kg, on performance, carcass quantitative characteristics, meat quality, plasma biochemical parameters, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and Immune responses. Eighty pigs were used, 40 barrows and 40 gilts, with a means initial weight of 75.04 ± 1.6 kg. In a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, two sexes (male and female) and five levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 mg/kg of diet) were additionally included in the model, the effect of the meat storage period (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) for analyzes of the radical DPPH and TBARS of the longissimus lumborum muscle and, for the determination of IgG, the collection periods (0, 12 and 24 days). Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5%, using the SAS computer program. No interactions (P>0.05) were observed between sex and levels lycopene to the performance variables. Sex influenced daily feed intake (P=0.001) and feed:gain ratio (P=0.001), being lower for gilts. The unfolding of the interaction between levels of lycopene and sex revealed a linear reduction in the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes (P=0.018) and catalase (P=0.001) in the liver for the gilts pigs. Gilts showed lower SOD gene expression (P=0.001) with 50.0 mg of lycopene supplementation and for catalase (P=0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (P=0.001) at levels of 0; 12.5 and 50.0mg of lycopene, in relation to barrows. Lipoprotein supplementation in the diet provided improvements in the lipid profile of the blood plasma, as the levels of dietary supplementation of lycopene increased, total cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.001) and LDL:HDL ratio (P=0.001) reduced, and increased levels of HDL (P=0.001). Gilts presented higher plasma concentrations of urea (P=0.001) and triglycerides (P=0.001) and lower concentrations of HDL (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.001) and besides lower LDL:HDL ratio (P=0.001) in to relation barrows. There was a difference in sex for the quantitative characteristics of the carcass, in which the barrows had higher hot carcass yield (P=0.049), cold carcass yield (P=0.023), backfat thickness (P=0.001) and abdominal fat (P=0.001) higher Lean meat yield (P=0.001). Thawing loss reduced linearly (P=0.024) as a function levels of lycopene, reducing by up to 17.46% in relation to treatment without lycopene. The barrows had higher staining intensities for the variables a* (P=0.001) and b* (P=0.045), having a tendency to red and yellow. Interaction (P=0.006) was observed between storage periods and levels of lycopene in the diet for the longissimus lumborum muscle. Interaction (P=0.006) was observed between storage periods and levels of lycopene in the diet for lipid oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle. The unfolding revealed in a reduction of lipid oxidation as the dietary lycopene supplementation was increased in all evaluated periods (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Linear increase of the lipid oxidation was obtained with the increase the days of storage days for all lycopene levels evaluated (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 mg/kg of diet). No interactions (P>0.05) were observed for the inhibition of the DPPH radical in the meat, however, the DPPH radical was influenced by the storage period and levels of lycopene supplementation in the diet. Inhibition of the DPPH radical in meat was reduced up until at 72h. Regarding the level of lycopene supplementation in the diet, there was an increase (P=0.001) in the capture of the DPPH radical by antioxidants in the meat. The lipid oxidation of the liver was reduced by the supplementation of lycopene in the diet of pigs, where at the level of 34.47 mg of lycopene/kg of diet, there was the lowest oxidation. The capture of the DPPH radical by antioxidants in the liver was increased (P=0.001), resulting in an increase of the antioxidant power exerted by the lycopene in the liver, due to the increase of the dietary supplementation of lycopene. The gilts showed lower concentration of malonaldehyde (P=0.001) and higher DPPH (P=0.001) radical capture by antioxidants, compared to barrows. The increase in the inclusion of lycopene in the diet of pigs increased (P = 0.012) the albumin in the plasma. As levels of lycopene increased in the diet, the lymphocyte concentration increased (P=0.045) in linear fashion. The neutrophil concentration and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of lycopene in the diet, resulting in a lower concentration of neutrophils of level of lycopene 17.49 mg/kg and 16.46 mg of lycopene/kg of diet to the lowest the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. The eosinophils were also influenced (P=0.050) by the supplementation of lycopene in the diet, in which level of 22.69 mg of lycopene/kg of diet resulted in a greater response of eusinophils to dietary lycopene. There was interaction (P=0.011) between the collection period and the lycopene levels for the anti-BSA IgG production. The unfolding showed a higher production of anti-BSA IgG until the supplementation of 20.06 mg of lycopene/kg of diet at 24 days of collection and the production of Anti-BSA IgG increased throughout the evaluation days at all levels of lycopene supplementation. Supplementation of lycopene in barrows and gilts pigs, from 75 to 100 kg, is a potent lipid profile modulator, reducing levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein and increasing high density lipoprotein, reducing also the gene expression of the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the liver of pig gilts. In addition, it reduced the thawing loss and was effective in the protection against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver, as well as altered the immune responses. The best results were obtained with the supplementation of 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet for meat quality, liver, gene expression and lipid profile, and 20.06 mg of lycopene/kg of diet presented the best immune response. |