Prevalência do carreamento de formas sexuais de Plasmodium falciparum e Plasmodium vivax em uma área endêmica, no município de Manaus, Amazonas

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Arthur Junio de Moraes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas; Brasil; UEA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Malária; Gametócitos; RT-qPCR; Plasmodium vivax; Biotecnologia
• Link de acesso: https://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/2205

Gametocytes are essential for the transmission of malaria endemicity of the disease and thus are targets for malaria control strategies. The prevalence of individuals infected with Plasmodium vivax gametocytes that carreiam remains poorly characterized in endemic areas. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with carrying of sexual forms of P. falciparum and P. vivax in participants with asymptomatic and symptomatic infection in an endemic area of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We perform a cut with 2072 participants residing in peri-urban area of Manaus-AM city with questionnaires and collection of blood samples for the detection of malarial infection qPCR method, and sexual forms of P. vivax, the RT technique -qPCR. From the data gathered and molecular results was possible to establish the prevalence and factors associated with infection and carrying of gametocytes of P. vivax, univariade analysis. The prevalence of P. vivax infection was 3.38% and gametocitemia was 1.64%. The prevalence of P. vivax infection in asymptomatic gametocitemia and corresponded to 67.14% of this parasite (47/70) and 61.76% (21/34), respectively, with low density circulating parasites (37, 62 copies / uL). Factors associated with malaria infection were: recent malaria (OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.18 to 7.95; p = 0.21), recent use of antimalarial (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.57 to 7.37; p <0.0001), and the presence of fever (OR = 6.90; 95% CI = 3.67 to 12.99; p <0.0001). The protection factors for infection with P. vivax were: gender, age and malaria history. Factors associated with the carrying of gametocytes of P. vivax malaria were: recent (OR = 4.98, 95% CI 1.80 to 15.62; p = 0.011), recent use of antimalarial (OR = 4.57; 95% CI = 1.72 to 12.13, p = 0.009), location (OR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.44; p = 0.034), presence of fever (OR = 6.60; 95% CI 2.79 to 15.63; p <0.001) and previous infection presenting as higher risk for gametocitemia of P. vivax in the category 4-10 infections (OR = 18.40; 95% CI = 2, 42 to 193.93, p <0.001). The age group above 15 years was the only risk factor for entrainment of gametocytes of P. vivax in asymptomatic (OR = 33.25, 95% CI 3.90 to 283.46; p = 0.001). In this study, the carrying of gametocytes in asymptomatic infections by P. vivax epidemiological relevance and evidence suggests interventions in malaria control. The longitudinal studies are needed to determine the contribution to the long-term infection in asymptomatic patients with low density gametocytes, which are left undiagnosed and untreated. Keywords: Malaria, Gametocytes, RT-qPCR, Plasmodium vivax.