Avaliação das bases biológicas e sociais do temperamento

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Frizzo, Matias Nunes
• Orientador(a): Lara, Diogo Rizzato
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular
• Departamento: Faculdade de Biociências
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR; NEUROBIOLOGIA; TEMPERAMENTO; EXPERIMENTAÇÃO ANIMAL; HIPERURICEMIA; BULLYING
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5463

Temperament can be regarded as the basis of mood, behavior and personality. It has a strong biological basis, manifested early in the development of the individual, guiding the formation of habits and is relatively stable over time. Although it is known that there are environmental influences, the relationship of temperament with biological markers and social environment is not well defined. Evidence suggests that the temperament and personality traits predict psychiatric disorders and that most of them are recurrent and chronic. Thus, this study aims to investigate the biological and social basis of behavior and in animal models of traits to assess the relationship of temperament with hyperucemia and with self-report of having been bullied in humans. To study the neurobiological basis of this trait, we selected mice with high and low exploration of a central object in an open field. Out of one hundred mice tested, the ten mice with higher (HE) and lower exploratory (LE) activity were evaluated with gene expression (Genechip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Affymetrix) in the striatum and frontal cortex. The results showed 118 and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the striatum and frontal cortex, respectively. Through analysis of DEGs biological processes were significantly more enriched in nervous system were development and function and cell-to-cell signaling, particularly in the striatum. These results suggest the involvement of translational and post-translational processes as well as striatal synaptic elements in the trait differences of exploratory behavior. Human studies were conducted with the data collected in a large web-survey on psychological and psychiatric measures (BRAINSTEP). In the study of biological basis of behavior we analyzed temperament in 7.155 males (5.1% hyperuricemic) and 25.225 women (1.8% hyperuricemic). Hyperuricemic subjects scored higher in anger and lower in inhibition and control, but hyperuricemic women also showed a higher emotional sensitivity and a lower degree of volition and coping. Subjects with hyperuricemia present more more externalizing and unstable emotional traits and affective temperaments In the study of the social bases of temperament assessed bullying during childhood and adolescence, through a question on time of exposure to bullying (none, <1 year, 1-3 years and> 3 years). Emotional traits and affective temperaments were evaluated with The Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS). About half of the sample reported exposure to bullying and 10% reported being victimized by peers for longer than 3 years. Longer exposure to bullying was associated with lower Volition, Coping and Control. Bullying victimization was also associated with a much lower proportion of euthymic and hyperthymic types in both genders, which was compensated by an increase mainly in the proportion of depressive, cyclothymic and volatile types. Being bullied was associated with a broad and profound impact on emotional and cognitive domains in all dimensions of emotional traits, and with internalized and unstable affective temperaments. These results, taken together, show the importance of social factors and serum markers, as well as genetic markers of temperament.