Estimativa da contaminação ambiental por antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais em ambiente aquático: um estudo de caso no estado do Paraná

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Gamarra Junior, Javier Salvador
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Positivo; Brasil; Pós-Graduação; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental; UP
• Palavras-chave em Português: Agentes anti-inflamatórios - Aspectos ambientais.; Medicamentos - Aspectos ambientais; Água potável - Contaminação; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2331

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are worldwide used in human and veterinary medicine, especially in cases of pain and inflammatory processes. They are used in both cases: prescription or non prescription, what generates a consumption that may reach several thousand tons per year. Diclofenac and ibuprofen are two of the most important members of this class of pharmaceutical compounds and became environmentally important because many researches have been detected residues of these compounds in aquatic environment in small concentrations (ng.L-1 to µg.L-1). This study considers the predicted estimative concentration of these drugs in the aquatic environment, the possible risks for using and proposes to minimize the problems of pharmaceuticals as environmental pollutants. Therefore, we determine the predictive environmental concentration (PEC) of the NSAIDs diclofenac and ibuprofen in aquatic environmental of 381 cities in Parana State, Brazil, based on data obtained in the Parana Health Consortium about the use of this drugs in the public health system (SUS) between the years 2003 and 2005 and diclofenac based on data from the public health system in the city of Curitiba in the years 2005 and 2006. With those data, we determine the environmental risk generate by these substances in aquatic environment and to evaluate the need of measures to minimize the environmental impact. The approach was to use the model of environmental risk assessment (ERA) proposed by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA), with adaptations to the available data to investigate the risks of these drugs in aquatic environment . The PEC was calculated in phase one (crude PEC) and in phase two (refined PEC), using data of metabolism and excreption (PECexcr); then with removal in sewage treatment plants (STPs) (PECfilter, PECsludge). The ratio PEC/PNEC (No-predicted effects concentration) was calculated, based on values ≥ 1 which indicates environmental risk (ER). PEC phase 1 and phase 2 was estimated in µg.L-1. The results expressed a potential of environmental risk in several cities, mostly superior to the results obtained in studies carried out in Europe and USA that cannot be ignored. For diclofenac of the consortium, after refinement considering metabolism and excreption (PECexcr), in the cities of the consortium we found ER in five cities in 2004 and eight in 2005. For diclofenac including remotion in STPs (PECfilter), we found ER in three cities in 2004 (Bom Jesus do Sul, Brasilândia do Sul and Diamante D’Oeste) and five in 2005.. For ibuprofen the results was ER in three cities in 2003 (Diamante D’Oeste, Joaquim Távora and Santa Amélia) which increases significantly in 2004 (ER for PECexcr = 17 cities, ER PECfilter = 10 cities). In 2005, ER was determined by values of PECexcr for 48 cities, for PECfilter, 43 cities and 10 cities in ER for PECsludge. The present work wishes to put in relief, hence, the need of experts, health and environment authorities and, specialty, the society to appropriate of this matter and to propose tools for an effective environmental management about pharmaceuticals which includes decisions of policy makers and an approach to the pharmaceutical sector related to the environmental responsibility concepts.