Densitometria óssea e óptica da base da mandíbula por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral em uso de anticonvulsivantes

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Pavanello, Andrea
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul; Brasil; Campus Liberdade; Mestrado em Odontologia; Cruzeiro do Sul
• Palavras-chave em Português: Paralisia cerebral; Osteoporose; Anticonvulsivantes; Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/355

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging method that uses X-ray and allows the reproduction of a section of the human body in any of the three planes of the space, that is, in a plane three-dimensional. In dentistry, one of its uses makes it possible, through programs, to measure bone density in several areas. The objective of this study was to identify, through the CBCT, the bone densitometry and mineral optics of the border of the mandible in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), using anticonvulsive drugs and comparing them with normoreactive adolescents. We included adolescents with CP, regardless of ethnicity, between 12 and 18 years of age, using Group 1 (G1, n=9) and normoreactive adolescents Group 2 (G2, n=9), who obeyed the same inclusion criteria of G1. Socio-demographic data, as well as use of anticonvulsive drugs were collected from those responsible. CT scans were obtained through pre-established protocols that involved less risk of radiation to exposed individuals, and were performed at the Department of Radiology and Imaging of the School of Professional Improvement of the Paulista Association of Dental Surgeons - São Caetano do Sul - SP ( APCD-SCS). The subjects were placed in the chair of the tomograph, protected by radiation apron, stabilized in a supine position for acquisition for 10 seconds with velcro strips on the face. After the tomographic acquisitions, the images were evaluated using a program called Dental Slice (Bioparts Biomedical Prototyping), a program that contains the Housfield Linear Scale tool, able to produce information about the bone quality, classifying it in Type I: Compact, very cortical bone, Type II: Small bone marrow covered by a thick layer of cortical bone, Type III: Fine layer of cortical bone lining bone marrow with small trabeculae or Type IV: Fine layer of cortical bone lining medullary bone with large 13 trabeculae. Precisely in the same region, the CS4 Photoshop Histogram program was applied to evaluate the optical density. Fisher's exact tests, unpaired Student's t-test, and paired Student's t-Test were performed to compare data between groups. The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). With respect to bone densitometry, the groups differed significantly regarding the values of the Hounsfield scale (p <0.05), with G1 being lower values for the right side, left side and both sides, compared to G2. However, the groups did not differ in comparison between the right and left sides (G1 p = 0.307 and G2 p = 0.513). With respect to the optical densitometry, observed with the help of the Photoshop CS4 program, the groups did not differ in the area observed, since the program was applied exactly on the region measured by the previous test. The groups differed significantly as the means of optical densitometry on the right, left and right / left sides. G1 presented lower values than G2. p <0.001. This study concluded that adolescents with Cerebral Palsy using Anticonvulsive drugs present loss of bone mineral density from the base of the mandible.