Estudo da termodegradação em biodiesel de soja e gordura animal

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Regatieri, Helton Rogger
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Medianeira; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais; UTFPR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biodiesel; Soja; Físico-química; Biodiesel fuels; Soybean; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS; ENGENHARIA SANITÁRIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2505

Brazil is the second largest producer of biodiesel worldwide producing 3.4 million m3 per year, having soybean and animal fat as primary feedstocks. Due to the wide utility and challenges presented by the use of these two feedstocks, this study investigated the properties of two commercially available biodiesels, in order to evaluate the behavior of the samples in relation to the process of thermal degradation. Both biodiesels, one derived from 100% soybean oil (BSO) while the other 50% soybean oil and 50% animal fat (BSG), were subjected to thermal degradation at 130°C for different period of times: 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 24 and 36 hours. The samples underwent the following analysis: density, viscosity, calorific value, acid value, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), specific heat, thermal coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT), visible and mid-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, samples were analyzed by means of TG, DTG and DSC. The results regarding the samples’ density showed lower values for BSG compared to BSO. Likewise, the dynamic viscosity at 40°C, activation energy and acidity index for the BSO 36h sample showed values superior to BSG 36h, because as biodiesel from vegetable feedstock is degraded, it suffers breakage of the double bonds that generates a greater number of products resulting in greater change in the sample’s characteristics. However, CP and PP were found to be superior for the BSG sample due to its percentage of animal fat composition. By analyzing the calorific value, specific heat and dn/dT, it was observed that these properties did not vary significantly between samples. The results showed that all samples suffered some transformation resulting in the loss of fuel quality as the thermal degradation time increased. Thus, indicating that thermal degradation of samples generated products adverse to the sample’s quality, which unable it from being used as commercial fuel. Among the examined properties, viscosity, acid number and density indicate with greater clearness the deterioration of fuel. For both biodiesels, samples which were thermally degradated up to 06 hours presented values acceptable by Brazilian’s National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).