Adaptabilidade, estabilidade e efeito de variáveis meteorológicas sobre a qualidade tecnológica de cultivares de trigo no estado do Paraná

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Franceschi, Lucia de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Pato Branco; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Trigo - Cultivo; Melhoramento de cultivos agrícolas; Fertilidade do solo; Wheat - Planting; Crop improvement; Soil fertility
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/241

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing has great importance in the agricultural system of the southern region of Brazil, and is responsible for about 95% of the country’s wheat yield. Climatic variability is very expressive in the southern states. Wheat cultivars therefore respond differently in the various environments where they are grown, and this is often the cause of decreased production and productivity, affecting the technological quality of wheat during the period when the crop remains in the field. Consequently, for a wheat cultivar to be successful it must be stable, provide high productivity, and have superior quality, since technological aptitude represents an opportunity for added market value, especially in face of the international market and the industrial sector. Based on that, this study aimed to investigate, by means of a literature review, which preharvest factors affect the technological quality of wheat; compare different adaptability and stability methods (both parametric and non-parametric) in the selection of cultivars more stable and responsive to environmental conditions; and determine the influence of weather variables on wheat technological quality. It was concluded that genetic, weather, and management factors are crucial in obtaining the desired quality. In this respect, the selection of an adequate cultivar, knowledge about the climatic limitations of the wheat-growing region and soil fertility, and accomplishing the management practices recommended by research can substantially contribute toward obtaining the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that lend quality to flour and flour-based products. In addition, the Lin and Binns (1988) and Eberhart and Russel (1966) methods were more informative in the identification of more productive, adapted and stable wheat cultivars, as compared to the ecovalence and Cruz et al. (1989) methods. As to the influence of weather variables on wheat technological quality, it was observed that precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and solar radiation provided increases and, in some cases, limited the technological quality expression of wheat cultivars evaluated in the State of Paraná. The estimates of associations between technological quality parameters and weather variables were different among the localities evaluated, both in the meaning and the magnitude of the association. It is thus concluded that by adequately choosing a cultivar (adapted, stable, and with the desired genetic potential for quality), performing essential management practices (soil fertility, crop rotation, and control of weeds, pests, and diseases), and knowing the periods when weather conditions are more detrimental in the various cultivation localities, both the technological quality and the productivity of wheat can be maximized in the State of Paraná.