Avaliação da toxicidade da vinhaça tratada quimicamente utilizando Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) como organismo teste

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Correia, Jorge Evangelista [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Aquatic ecology; Ecologia aquatica; Toxicidade - Testes; Vinhaça; Cana-de-açúcar; Histopatologia; Residuos agricolas; Ensaio cometa
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132565; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/21-12-2015/000856013.pdf

The vinasse, a major waste generated in the processing of sugarcane into etanol, has a polluter potential in front off the volume generated and its physiochemical features. Contamination of lakes and rivers by infiltration of waste disposed in the soil, such as vinasse and fertilizers, deserves atention. In order to mitigate these effects, the pretreatment of this waste is a viable alternative to reduce the environmental impacts. Despite many studies about vinasse, only a few investigates their toxic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effectiveness in reducing sugarcane vinasse toxicity by pH correction to a neutral value (7.0), by adding lime (CaO), assessing their potential toxicity in fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Analyses were performed using the comet assay and micronucleus test to assess the genotoxic potential, and histopathological analysis of gills, organ that has direct contact with water. After exposure of tilapia to vinasse dilutions chemically treated with lime, 30% of fish in the dilution of 10% died; in earlier bioassays with untreated vinasse, at the same dilution the mortality was 100%. The neutral pH (7.0) has not remained stable during the bioassay. Regarding the comet assay, score damage and class 3 comets had significant differences when compared to the negative control for all dilutions, except for the dilution of 1%. There were no significant differences on the values of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities between dilutions and negative control; comparing these results with those obtained in previous bioassays, with untreated vinasse dilutions, a decrease was observed in the number of micronuclei. For histopathologic analysis in gills, a slight increase was observed in clorídricas cells number, especially in the dilution of 5%, possibly in response to the presence of zinc in the vinasse samples. Diferents types of histologic changes were observed. The epithelial detachment, the epithelium ...