Micromorfologia e anatomia floral das seções neotropicais de Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae, Asparagales): considerações taxonômicas e evolutivas

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Nunes, Elaine Lopes Pereira [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Plant anatomy; Anatomia vegetal; Orquídea; Flores - Anatomia; Taxonomia vegetal; Flores - Morfologia
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123255

Bulbophyllum, the largest genus within Orchidaceae, is pantropical but its greatest diversity is found in the Asian Southeast. In the Neotropics, the genus comprises 60 species, being 49 of them found in Brazil. The greatest diversity of Neotropical species is in Brazilian Southeast, in transitional areas between the Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado Vegetation. After the advent of molecular phylogenetic trees, and analysis of morphological data, six monophyletic Neotropical Bulbophyllum sections were recognised and recircumscribed: Bulbophyllaria, Furvescens, Napelli, Micranthae, Didactyle e Xiphizusa. However, information regarding floral anatomy and micromorphology for Neotropical species are available only for the labellum of six species. In addition, information on the pollination biology is available only to eight species. Considering the recent recircumscription of this group, and the paucity of information regarding floral features and their importance to pollination in Orchidaceae, this work aimed to analyse the floral anatomy and micromorphology of 30 Neotropical species, seven non-Neotropical species, and one Dendrobium species, in order to: characterise the flower of each section, help in species differentiation within section, and get a better understanding of the Neotropical group. The flowers of the Neotropical group can be characterised by free sepals, with sunken glandular trichomes on their abaxial surface; petals with a single collateral vascular bundle; labellum with a striate epidermis, with an adaxial sulcus that is usually secretory, and an abaxial keel with stomata; a papillose anther with four pollinia; a viscidium deriving from rostellar cells; and a 6-lobed ovary with one vascular bundle per lobe. Each section has common floral features and variable ones, which are discussed in each chapter with considerations regarding systematic and pollination implications. In general, the ornamentation of the outer periclinal...