Diversidade bacteriana em solos, vinhaça e semicompostagem relacionados ao cultivo de cana-de-açúcar

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Omori, Wellington Pine [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cana-de-açúcar; Biologia do solo; Genes; Resíduos; Bacterias; Soil biology
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124083; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/09-06-2015/000830788.pdf

Generally, industrial wastes as vinasse and filter cake cause public apprehension due to the risk of environmental impacts caused by their use as nutrients replenishment in soils with cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Due to lack of studies that seek to unravel the impacts of these residues in the structure and composition of bacterial communities, this work aimed to apply the 16S rRNA gene to assess the bacterial diversity present in five biomes with different sugarcane crop management besides waste vinasse and filter cake. A total of 1,090 sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA were recovered and analyzed: i) soil under sugarcane crop fertilized by vinasse (SV); ii) soil from the master channel for vinasse distribution (MC), iii) soil under native forest located next to areas of sugarcane planting (MT), iv) soil under sugarcane crop without vinasse irrigation (CH), and v) filter cake semi-composting compound (CP). Based on Richness index and rarefaction curve, the SV is considered the most diverse, followed by MT as the intermediary, and MC as the least diverse environment. The Actinobacteria phylum related to the degradation of plant biomass and production of antimicrobials has dominated the population of the CP environment, that was possibly related to high amount of lignocellulosic material available on the filter cake. CP also presented the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla, both present at different stages of the composting process. Soil environments showed few taxa related to cultured bacterial genera unlike the high number of clones affiliated to bacteria not classified. Unifrac and Libshuff tests for molecular variance show that the five biomass present variation in the structure of bacterial communities. In addition, SV and MC does not share species each other. These results demonstrate that the environments containing vinasse and filter cake are different from other biomes with management of sugarcane. These ...