Mineralização de nitrogênio do esterco bovino e produção de alface em função de N-ureia

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Sylvestre, Thiago de Barros [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Alface; Adubação orgânica; Fertilizantes nitrogenados; Produtividade agrícola; Mineralogia do solo; Organic fertilizers
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123768; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/12-05-2015/000821942.pdf

An experiment in laboratory and three in the field were carried out with the objectives of compare laboratory and field methods to determine N mineralization rate of cattle manure; assess lettuce productivity and nitrate accumulation in plants, due to urea-N rates at planting and topdressing. The soil used in the laboratory experiment was collected at the site of field experiments and is an Oxisol. In the laboratory method, soil and manure (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 t ha-1) were incubated at 28ºC for 180 days, and the amount of N mineralized (NH4 +-N + NO3 --N) was determined periodically. Field experiment was carried out in polyethylene buried bags in beds, in 0.1 m deep, with the same doses of manure and the same evaluation times used in the laboratory, from November 2011 until May 2012. Simultaneously, a field experiment was carried out with lettuce, using the same doses of manure to get N uptake in 180 days (three successive crops). In the following year, in November and December, it was carried out an experiment combining two doses of nitrogen fertilizer at transplanting (0 and 40 kg ha-1 urea-N) and four in topdressing (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1), divided into two or three application times (2x4x2 factorial). In this experiment, the dose of manure was calculated based on the rate determined by buried bags method. The methods of incubation in the laboratory and in the field were not efficient for predicting N availability to lettuce in soil fertilized with cattle manure. The application of 40 kg ha-1 urea-N at transplantation resulted in increased productivity by 26% (3,583 kg ha-1) and 98% of maximum productivity was obtained with 60 kg ha-1 N, splitted in two applications. The nitrate content in plants was below the limit tolerated at all dose combinations at planting and topdressing