Diversidade cariotípica e molecular de Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) e obtenção de sondas cromossomo-específicas de anfíbio por citometria de fluxo

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Gazoni, Thiago [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Anura; Anuro; Citogenetica; Genetica animal; Cromossomos sexuais; Cariotipos
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134187

The genus Leptodactylus currently has 74 recognized species in the Neotropical Region, of which 57 were reported in Brazil. Factors such as high morphological similarity, as well as the lack of diverse data from different populations, result in the confusing taxonomic status of some species in the genus. Advances in this matter were obtained by increasing studies involving mainly comparison of molecular data, but often are not examined specimens collected in the type localities, fundamental for assessing the real diversity of species, considered underestimated for amphibians in general. Besides the importance of cytogenetics in describing the genomic organization, such as the presence of chromosomal sex determination systems, different cytogenetic data has been an important tool for studying frogs, allowing comparison of chromosomal variations, inferring / identifying through these the suggestion of taxa, especially when combined with zoological and ecological information. Here we studied cytogenetically species currently in the genus Leptodactylus. Among the results are outstanding: the identification of an extraordinary chromosome system of sex determining in L. pentadactylus (X1X2X3X4X5X6: Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6), considered the highest reported for vertebrates; Cytogenetic and molecular review of specimens in the Leptodactylus melanonotus group, which are in a complex of species pending resolution. With our data, it was possible revalidate the species L. brevipes and L. intermedius as they were in synonymy with L. petersii. Additionally we showed the first construction of DNA probes from whole chromosomes of amphibian, obtained by flow cytometry from Xenopus tropicalis, a model organism for genetic and developmental studies, and the possibility of application in the studies on chromosome evolution of other species of frogs, even those phylogenetically ...