Influência do treinamento físico aeróbio ou resistido no desenvolvimento da cardiomiopatia diabética: aspectos metabólicos e hormonais

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Ralmony de Alcantara [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Aerobic and resistance exercise training; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Energy metabolism; Treinamento físico aeróbio e resistido; Cardiomiopatia diabética; Metabolismo energético
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=3775723; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/46172

Diabetic patients may present myocardial dysfunction, named diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Considering the beneficial effects of physical training (PT) on the cardiovascular system, the objective of the study was to compare the influence of aerobic physical training (APT) and resistance (RPT) on the development of the DCMP, evaluating the modulation of both modalities of exercise on hormonal systems and myocardial metabolism. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control, control + RPT, control + APT, diabetic, diabetic + RPT and diabetic + APT. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg / kg, i.v.) and trained animals were submitted to RPT (vertical ladder climbing) or APT (treadmill running) for 8 consecutive weeks (5 days per week). At the end of experimental protocol, diabetic rats presented significantly increased functional capacity in response to physical training. Diabetic animals submitted to APT or RPT presented a decrease in serum triglycerides, free fatty acids and VLDL, with no significant effect on HDL and LDL. In addition, diabetic trained animals (APT or RPT) presented a reduction on abnormal accumulation of cardiac glycogen as compared with sedentary diabetic group, without any training effect on the expression of glucose transporter GLUT-4. Serum corticosterone concentration was significantly higher in diabetic groups compared to controls. DM also significantly increased plasma concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline, and both exercise modalities induced a significant reduction on these parameters. APT significantly reduced the concentration of noradrenaline in left ventricle (LV) of diabetic group, as compared with sedentary diabetic animals and diabetic + RPT. Diabetic animals presented increased serum and LV concentration of (serotonin) 5-HT. RPT significantly reduced serum concentration of 5-HT in the diabetic group, while APT significantly increased its concentration in both control and diabetic groups. In LV, the concentration of 5-HT was reduced in response to both modalities of PT DM significantly increased PPAR? protein expression in the sedentary group, and both training modalities reduced the expression of this protein in diabetic groups. The expression of PGC-1? decreased significantly in response to DM, and this response was not observed in diabetic groups submitted to APT and RPT. There was no significant influence of DM or PT on LV CPT-1A protein expression. The results of this study show that the DCMP induces hormonal and metabolic changes of cardiac tissue, which can be reduced or minimized, by exercise, including the RPT. Thus, the RPT can be considered as an additional important non-pharmacological tool for the treatment of cardiac disorders induced by diabetes.