Prevalência de pterígio e sua contribuição como causa de deficiência visual e cegueira – estudo ocular da região amazônica brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Arthur Gustavo [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pterygium; Prevalence; Blindness; Refractive Error; Pterígio; Prevalência; Cegueira; Erro Refrativo
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=10056278; https://hdl.handle.net/11600/64872

Aims: To determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultra-violet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region. Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects ≥ 45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins city. Eligible subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey and invited for an eye exam including refraction. Pterygium was assessed considering location (nasal, temporal or both) and size (<3 mm or ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin). Results: A total of 2384 persons were enumerated and 2041 (85.6%) examined. Prevalence of pterygium was 58.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 53.8% – 63.7%] and associated with male gender [OR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.37-1.94; p=0.001], while higher education was a protective factor [OR=0.63; 95% CI: 0.44-0.92; p=0.018]. Older age and rural residence were associated with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin, while higher education was a protective factor for pterygium ≥3 mm reaching pupillary margin. Prevalence of pterygium as cause of visual impairment and blindness was 14.3% and 3.9%, respectively. Significantly higher hyperopic refractive errors were found in eyes with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin. Conclusions: Pterygium was highly prevalent and the second cause of visual impairment and blindness after provision of refractive correction. Risk factors for pterygium were male gender, advanced age, lower education and rural residency. Strategies to provide pterygium early detection and proper management should be considered by healthcare authorities in this population.