Influência da agricultura familiar na aquisição de alimentos e qualidade do cardápio da alimentação escolar de municípios do estado de São Paulo

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Amorim, Ana Laura Benevenuto de [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Alimentação escolar; Cardápio; Agricultura familiar; Chamada pública; Qualidade
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=2722329; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/48128

In 2009, through the Federal Law 11.947, the Brazilian Government started to demand the purchase of foods produced by family farmers for being offered in the school feeding. This study has evaluated the characteristics of foods present in the public calls for the purchase of products from the family farming; as well as the quality of the school feeding menus, according to the percentage of products acquired from the family farmers. The survey was conducted in municipalities located in the state of Sao Paulo. For the evaluation of the characteristics of the foods acquired 122 public calls from 99 cities and published between January and September on electronic media were analyzed. Foods were classified in the following groups: cereal; roots and tubercle; beans; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; processed 19 food; ingredients; and dairy. The cities were grouped in quartiles according to the number of students that were attending the primary school. This analysis has allowed evaluating the foods presented in the public calls by considering the size of the cities. In order to verify the difference between the number of foods in each group and quartile the Kruskal-Wallis Test was used (p<0,05). The groups of vegetables and fruits were the most frequents in the public calls, representing 50% and 31%, respectively, in the total of foods. It was found that as the number of students increases, the number of foods present in the public calls from the groups of cereal, beans and dairy products also increased. However, the cities that had a lower amount of students acquired more foods from the group of fruits; for which a significant difference between the quartiles was found (p<0,05). The processed food group was present in 41% of the cities. The most frequent foods in the public calls were natural foods, demonstrating that the acquisition of family farming products can contribute to the quality of the meals offered in the school feeding. The quality of the menus was evaluated in 52 municipalities which were classified in three groups according to the percentage of foods acquired from the family farming: less than 10% (n = 15), between 10% and 29.9% (n = 14), and 30% or above (n = 23). Through a questionnaire containing the description of a one week menu elaborated for primary schools, the menus were evaluated by using: the IQCAE; frequency of the food groups; caloric contribution from each food group during the week; and energy and macro and micronutrients. All variables were evaluated according to the percentage of food purchases from the family farming (<10% ?10 and <30% and ? 30%). The data were expressed as median, minimum and maximum values. The differences between the groups were verified by using the Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables and the Chi-Square for qualitative variables, both of them considering a p value <0.05. There was significant difference in the assessment of nutritional calculation for carbohydrate, while for the other assessments no difference was verified. Regarding the food groups, a greater frequency of fruits was observed in the cities that acquired 30% or above from the family farming. A high amount of processed foods and ultra-processed food products was identified in the menus, since both groups were offered every day during the evaluated week in 44.23% and 55.77% of the municipalities, respectively. Due to the high consumption of processed 20 and ultra-processed foods an articulation between public policies is necessary, as well as the encouragement to acquire in natura or minimally processed foods, in order to prevent non-communicable diseases and to protect cultural food habits of the new generations.