Sarcomas cutâneos em cães e gatos com lesões solares crônicas

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Eisenhardt, Luíza Müller
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Medicina Veterinária; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária; Centro de Ciências Rurais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hemangiossarcoma; Sarcomas; Fotodano; Elastose solar; Hemangiosarcoma; Photodamage; Solar elastosis; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/33802

Cutaneous neoplasms associated with chronic solar exposure are a well-established condition in dogs and cats. This study aimed to explore this subject in greater detail, comprising two retrospective studies. The first study aimed to characterize the histological features of cutaneous hemangiosarcomas (HSA) in dogs and cats, focusing on findings suggestive of neoplastic progression (NP) in felines. Fourteen dermal HSAs from dogs and 14 from cats, diagnosed between 2001 and 2023 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), were selected and analyzed. In cats, HSAs exclusively affected the head, primarily the ears (7/14) and eyelids (4/14), whereas in dogs, all cases were localized to the ventral abdominal region. Eleven cats presented at least one lesion indicative of NP, including vascular proliferation (10/14), vascular ectasia (10/14), endothelial swelling (4/14), and well-differentiated areas within the HSA (6/14). Both species exhibited photodamage in the epidermis and dermis adjacent to the HSAs. These findings support the hypothesis of NP in dogs and cats and provide a better characterization of cutaneous vascular neoplasms in domestic cats chronically exposed to UV radiation. The second study investigated the presence of solar lesions in the dermis and epidermis of cats with non-vascular cutaneous sarcomas (NVCS) located on the head. Recent studies have hypothesized that certain NVCS, similar to vascular tumors and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), may have a potential solar origin in felines. A search of the LPV-UFSM biopsy archives (2001–2023) identified NVCS located on the heads of cats. Among the 28 NVCS included, there were 21 fibrosarcomas, six peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and one myxosarcoma. Tumors affected the ears (15/28), eyelids (4/28), nasal region (3/28), perilabial region (3/28), and temporal region (3/28). Solar lesions were identified in most cases, characterized by actinic keratosis (24/28), solar elastosis (18/24), and solar fibrosis (12/24). Most cats exhibited a lack of melanin in the epidermis. Some animals presented with SCC adjacent to the sarcoma (3/28) or, in cases involving the ears, SCC on the contralateral ear (3/15). The results of this study support the hypothesis that some NVCS in cats may be associated with chronic solar exposure, similar to vascular tumors and SCC. This dissertation contributed to better characterization of dermal sarcomas in sundamaged skin in dogs and cats, providing new insights on the topic. It is expected that this work will make significant contributions to the understanding of neoplasms affecting skin chronically exposed to UV radiation in small animals.