Ensaios sobre a segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Chaíane Trindade
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Economia; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia e Desenvolvimento; Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Segurança alimentar e nutricional; Pandemia; Mapa da fome; Fuzzy; Clusters espaciais; Food ans nutritional security; Pandemic; Hunger map; Spatial clusters; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/33324

Even though the legal provision of the 1988 Federal Constitution provided for the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF), promoting food and nutrition security (FNS) remains on of the most importante challenges facing Brazil. In particular, one of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has been an increase in the unemployment rate and a drop in purchasing power, compromising families’ FMS, their conditions of access to adequate and permanente food. In response to this situation, Brazil was reclassified on the United Nations (UN) hunger map in 2022, which it had left in 2014. With this in mind, the aim is to analyzed, from a multidimensional perspective, the degree of food and nutrition insecurity (FNI) in the different regions of the country. To this end, the research was developed in integrated articles, using not only bibliographical research on the subject, but also quantitative methods, using statical and econometric techniques. The first article aims to theoretically analyzed the main consequences of the pandemic on HNI and its effects on the economy and the health of the population. The second article shows the estimation os a Multidimensional Poverty Index in the state capitals; the third article developed a FNS status index using the fuzzy method; and finally, the fourth article analyzed the spatial clusters obtained for a food security index (FSA) estimated by Factor Analysis for the perod before the pandemic. The main results obtained show that the COVID-19 pandemic has contributes to the intensification of FNI in Brazil. During the analysis period, the capitals located in the North and Northeast Regions of Brazil showed lower FNS and a greater increase in Multidimensional Poverty. The capitals of the Midwest, Southeast and South regions have better FNS indices, but are still classified as ‘’average’ FNS. The ISA estimated for the period before the pandemic shows the same pattern as during the COVID-19 period, despite being different methods; in which, the Brazilian states belonging to the North and Northeast Regions showed high-high spatial clusters and, finally, a low-high cluster was obtained in the Southeast Regions.