Dosimetria e controle de qualidade em procedimentos radiológicos destinados a implantes odontológicos

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Batista, Wilson Otto Gomes
• Orientador(a): Maia, Ana Figueiredo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Física
• Palavras-chave em Português: Radiologia - Controle de qualidade; Radiação - Dosimetria; Implantes dentários
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Dental implants; Radiation dosimetry; Radiology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5331

The cone beam CT (CBCT), a new radiological imaging modality in dentistry, usually radiates higher volumes and presents values of effective doses higher than other types of radiological examinations typically known in dental radiology. This scenario leads to the necessity of evaluating, in terms of effective dose, the radiological techniques in dentistry. Radiological examinations commonly used in planning and evaluation of implants are: panoramic radiography and CBCT. The idea of this work is to assess effective doses in radiological procedures for dental implants, and also the evaluation of equipments and quality control aspects of the images. In this evaluation, the effective dose calculations were made from measurements, in panoramic radiography equipment and cone beam CT scanners, of quantities such as air kerma-area product (PKA), air kerma-length product (PKL) and average dose volume. The instruments used for determining these quantities were: PKA meter; pencil ionization chamber; Farmer ionization chamber and PMMA and water phantoms. This approach was complemented with the use of data from Monte Carlo simulation. We also evaluated different protocols for different examinations and image receptors. The results of this study present an overview of effective doses for two imaging techniques used in planning and evaluation of dental implants showing the differences in the value of the effective dose between techniques and image receptors. These results also provide support for the decision of the imaging technique to be adopted, for the rational use of imaging techniques appropriate for the planning and evaluation of implants and also for the optimization of imaging techniques allowing dose reduction without loss in final quality of image. For the performance evaluation and quality control, four phantoms for performance evaluation and quality control were developed. Using these simulations, it was possible to evaluate the effective energy of the beams, to obtain a scale of Hounsfield for CBCT and to assess the physical dimensions, the low contrast resolution, the uniformity and the resolution of details in high contrast at the obtained image. The evaluation of these parameters was based on recommendations and tolerances established by national legislation and international protocols