Prevalência da esquistossomose mansoni e geohelmintíases em escolares do município de Malhador, Sergipe

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Machado, Vanessa Lima
• Orientador(a): Araújo, Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Sergipe
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Esquistossomose; Esquistossomose mansoni; Helmintíase; Epidemiologia; Schistosoma mansoni; Análise espacial; Malhador (SE)
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Helminthiasis; Epidemiology; Spatial analysis
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::PARASITOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3255

Schistosomiasis and geo-helminthiasis are parasitic diseases considered as a serious public health problem, both related to poverty, lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene. The municipality of Malhador-SE join the campaign against geo-helminths and S. mansoni since 2013 and is engaged in the Program of Control of Schistosomiasis aiming the elimination of schistosomiasis and the reduction of the parasitic burden of geo-helminths. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalences of S. mansoni and geo-helminths and socio-environmental conditions in schoolchildren in the municipality of Malhador / SE. An epidemiological, descriptive and cross - sectional study was carried out. The sampling took place in February 2016. The study involved schoolchildren between 5 and 14 years in two municipal schools located in an urban school (Pacheco School) and another in the rural area (Barrocão School). The prevalence of children with S. mansoni and / or geo-helminths was determined using the Kato-Katz method, and compared to the socio-environmental conditions of the students. The positive cases found in the communities were georeferenced with the aid of a GPS receiver and to analyze and visualize the pattern of the distribution and density of the cases the kernel estimator was applied. Of the 337 fecal samples collected, 48.7% resulted in positive samples. The prevalence of infection was 17.6% for S. mansoni, 23.7% for A. lumbricoides, 4% for T. trichiura and 0.4% for E. vermicularis in the urban area (Pacheco School). On the other hand, in the rural area (Barrocão School) were 55.9% for S. mansoni and 28.8% for A. lumbricoides. The highest frequency of S. mansoni was found in the rural area and in male children, whereas the cases of geo-helminths had similar prevalence in both zones. In the rural area, the parasitic burden prevailed in mild (87.9%) and moderate (12.1%) and in urban areas, mild (65.3%), moderate (28.6%) and severe (6.1%). Regarding the environmental and sanitary conditions, the children in the rural area had more "contact with water" (90.5%), being associated with the occurrence of S. mansoni in the demographic areas (p = 0.0394). Likewise, the variables "sanitary installation, waste disposal, water supply and waste destination" also showed an association between the "occurrence of S. mansoni and geo-helminths" (p <0.001). Of the hygiene habits, 100% of rural schoolchildren consume untreated water (p <0.001). The analysis of the spatial distribution of the positive cases of S. mansoni and geo-helminths allowed us to visualize that in the urban area the specialization was revealed homogeneously, whereas in the rural zone it was heterogeneous and that through the Kernel estimator, the agglomeration of these cases is located in the west of Malhador in the urban and rural areas are located to the west and east of the municipality. The present study showed that Malhador is a municipality endemic to S. mansoni and that inadequate sanitary and hygiene conditions favored a high prevalence of parasitic diseases in the schoolchildren of the localities.