O conceito de incerteza nas experiências de física: introduzindo o histograma de blocos

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Evandro de Souza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil; Instituto Politécnico; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física; UFRJ
• Palavras-chave em Português: Incerteza de medição; Laboratório; Ensino e aprendizagem; Ensino médio; Measurement uncertainty; Laboratory; Teaching and learning; High school; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA::FISICA GERAL
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11422/17496

In this dissertation we show how to introduce the block histogram in order to present to the students the first notions about uncertainties of measurements of physical quantities in simple experimental laboratory practices. Based on the theory of mediation suggested by Vygotsky, we propose three experiments related to Physics Teaching (Reaction Time, Free Fall and simple pendulum) to introduce the use of the histogram in the didactic sequence. At the end of each activity and possession of the data, the students assembled histograms, which allowed them to compare experimental models and / or methods. In this way, we encourage students to understand the uncertainty of measurements and the physical phenomena of each activity without concern for mathematical formalism. We conclude with the report of the activities and conclusions.