Os impactos e conflitos socioambientais decorrentes do processo de instalação e operacionalização do Aterro Sanitário ASMOC e da usina GNR Fortaleza Valorização de Biogás Ltda de Caucaia / Ceará / Brasil: uma análise pelo prisma da ecologia política

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Maria Laudecy Ferreira de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Impactos ambientais; Conflitos socioambientais; Ecologia política; Gestão de resíduos sólidos; Environmental impacts; Social and environmental conflicts; Political ecology; Solid waste management; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21858

The environmental crisis is above all a civilizational crisis with many facets. Among the various problems highlighted by the socio-environmental problem, the issue of solid waste, its poor disposal and socio-environmental conflicts are considered serious problems, especially in urban areas. It is in this context that the need arises to study the socio-environmental impacts and conflicts arising from the Metropolitan Sanitary Landfill West of Caucaia (ASMOC) and the Biogas Plant GNR Fortaleza Valorização de Biogás Ltda, both located in the municipality of Caucaia in the State of Ceará, Brazilian Northeast, from the perspective of Political Ecology. Thus, the research has the general objective of verifying the socio-environmental impacts and conflicts that occur in the study area from the perspective of political ecology. To carry out the research, a bibliographic and documental survey was initially carried out on the subject in question and the area of study. For the mapping and identification of social and environmental impacts in loco, a face-to-face visit was made to georeference the data that integrate the research and photograph the points surrounding the ASMOC landfill and the GNR plant. As well, the Mota & Aquino's Environmental Impact Matrix (2002) was applied and the documental analysis of the EIA/RIMA (Environmental Impact Study and the Environmental Impact Report) and other public documents were carried out. In order to understand and characterize the socio-environmental conflicts in the study area, the theoretical framework founded by several authors in Political Ecology was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with social actors around the projects to better understand the emergence of social and environmental impacts and conflicts. The results indicated that there are several social and environmental impacts and conflicts in the physical, biotic and anthropic environments, such as the expropriation of properties, lack of access to water from the stream and lake located in the vicinity of the projects, lack of street paving, among other impacts that enhance diverse conflicts in the study area. The main conflicts that occur in the study area are related to the installation of the landfill and the plant with the participation of the State that licensed the installation of such equipment without public consultation with the surrounding population. The main types of socioenvironmental conflicts found are: Conflicts related to transport, the urban struggle for clean air and water, green spaces, cyclists and pedestrians' rights, river defense, soil degradation, workers' struggle for health and occupational safety, environmental racism, the ecologism of the poor, among others. Thus, it is recommended that the landfill and plant management re-evaluate the actions contained in the EIA/RIMA and can carry out what was agreed upon, such as including solid waste collectors, implementing a recycling plant, enabling the surrounding population have access to the biomethane produced, give visibility to the socio-environmental issues experienced by this population and provide environmental education programs and generate employment and income for the local population.