Dinâmica da paisagem no geossistema do estuário do Rio Paraíba - extremo oriental das Américas: estimativas de perdas de habitat e cenários de recuperação da biodiversidade

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Stevens, Pamela Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; BR; Geografia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Geossistemas; Estuário do rio Paraíba; Planejamento Sistemático da Conservação; Ecologia da Paisagem; Restauração de ecossistemas; Paraíba river estuary; Systematic Conservation Planning; Landscape ecology; Ecosystems restoration; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5840

The conservation of the biodiversity is intimately dependent on the human appreciation of the facts relating to the changes in usage of the area. The scale of the details of this study defines the size of the geossistemas which are areas determined by a relative uniformity of physical characteristics. A 62.143 hectares geossistema were defined around the Paraiba river estuary and this area was studied with a view of conservation of the biodiversity. The Paraiba river estuary geossistemas is located within the Atlantic Forest area which is one of the world s most biodiverse systems and, as it happens, one of the most degraded. The area studied was given, by the Portaria No 9/2007 of the Ministry of the Environment, a high priority for the conservation of the biodiversity in nine categories, and is one of the most populated areas of the Paraiba state, and one which retains important vestiges of the Atlantic Forest and its associated ecosystems. For the analysis of the changes which led to the loss of the biodiversity of the geossistema, were employed Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, remote sensing and landscape ecology. The use of the land was mapped for two historic dates, 1970 and 2010, and through the interpretation of metrics of landscape ecology it was possible to learn the high degree of vulnerability of the natural environment in the studied area. It was discovered that more than two thirds of the natural vegetation was substituted for human land uses. On the left bank of the river Paraiba estuary the increase of the coconut and sugar cane monocultures and on the right bank the increase of the urban areas of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, Bayeux and Santa Rita have transformed the countryside over the last 36 years. The geossistema landscape was characterized by different types of vegetation mosaic with mean patch size of 70 hectares. Actually the fragments of vegetation have become only small patches distributed mainly in protected areas around the ditches, with mean patch area of 50 hectares. The conservation of the remaining vegetation will be compromised if the connections between the fragments are not re-established. Thus it is important to identify not only priority areas for conservation but also areas suitable for the reestablishment of communication between the fragments. In this treatise the method of Systematic Conservation Planning was used to create scenarios to select the areas which are most in need of forest recovery action.