Biorremediação para o melhoramento da qualidade da água em rios urbanos em João Pessoa – PB: efeitos na assembleia íctica

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Marinho, Randolpho Sávio de Araújo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biofilme; Macrófita; Saneamento básico; Tratamento de esgoto; Biorremediação; Biofilm; Macrophyte; Basic sanitation; Sewage treatment; Bioremediation; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19759

With the increase of population growth and its concentration in large urban centers, it was necessary to define new strategies to remove pollutants from ecosystems, however, the use of chemical techniques to remove these nutrients has led to various types of environmental pollution . Thus, bioremediation as a process that offers greater safety and less disturbance to the environment, has been increasingly studied because it is an efficient tool and low cost. For this, it is necessary to apply the bioremediation for the improvement of water quality in the Rio do Pelo, with an emphasis on ichthyofauna, using the Bucatu River as a model / control and as a goal to be reached, in the case of present fish species, as well as community indexes, such as biodiversity index, index of dominance and equitability. The present work used the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Rio do Pelo and the Mucatu River, both of the coastal zone of Paraíba, in order to evaluate the environmental quality of these environments, with different levels of human occupation. The samples were collected during the months of April, July, September, and December of 2016 and April and May of 2017 in 6 points in Rio do Cabelo (7º08'53 S and 34º50'33 W), in the municipality of João Pessoa- PB , and 3 points in the Mucatu River (7º 19'11.64 S and 34º 48'01 "W) in the Conde-PB municipality, using mesh nets (15, 20 and 25 mm) and trawl nets. Upon returning to perform the first analyzes, a good transparency was observed in the water, which was deduced at first sight that the treatment was effective for the improvement of water quality, but that more detailed analyzes were required to confirm these results. Regarding the chemical variables, a great improvement was observed after the treatment with bioremediation in relation to the nitrogenated groups (Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite) throughout the analyzed period. It was also verified that after the biotreatment the number of fish species of the Hair River increased from 6 to 15 species, confirming the efficiency of the bioremediation system. It was concluded that BioMac biotreatment was quite efficient in improving the quality of water in the Rio do Pelo, making this one of a much better quality, even with a much better quality than the Rio Bucatu initially thought as river with water quality to be achieved with the However, the quality of the water after the use of BioMac surpassed all expectations, making the river much better than the Bucatu River, in relation to nitrogenous nutrients and phosphates. The ichthyofauna can be used as an indicator of environmental quality, mainly in relation to present biodiversity, including species that indicate environmental quality, as well as the ecological indexes.