Potencial de uso de macrófitas e biofilme como ferramenta de biorremediação na lagoa facultativa da estação de tratamento de esgoto de Mamanguape-PB

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Brito, Luanny Dantas de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biorremediação; Tratamento de efluentes; Macrófitas flutuantes; Fitorremediação; Bioremediation; Wastewater treatment; Floating macrophytes; Phytoremediation; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23369

One of the main causes of pollution of water bodies is the discharge of effluents without proper treatment, generating a series of environmental problems. To protect environmental resources, investment in wastewater treatment technologies is increasing. A tool considered efficient and economically viable is bioremediation. This research aimed to evaluate the potential use of biofilm and floating macrophytes as a tool for bioremediation in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of Mamanguape-PB. Because of structural problems, the biofilm modules sank a few days after their implantation, making it impossible to analyze this bioremediation tool. The research followed and the efficiency of the phytoremediation was evaluated with the presence of different densities of macrophytes in the facultative lake of the WTP. Therefore, structures containing macrophytes of the species Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes were implanted. Water samples were collected at points of entry and exit of the Facultative Lagoon, and subsequent laboratory analyzes of water quality indicators (pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, electrical conductivity, total solids dissolved and Chlorophyll a) before the implementation of the system (control), when there were few macrophytes present in the lake and when there were many macrophytes. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the R software, and also according to the depuration capacity of the parameters. In view of the results obtained it was found that in the control some parameters analyzed, such as nitrate, orthophosphate and chlorophyll a were higher at the end, revealing that the pond increases its trophic state along its treatment path. In the treatment with few macrophytes the quantities of nitrite and nitrate became zero. Both phytoremediation treatments were more efficient in the purification of chlorophyll a than the conventional treatment. Phytoremediation with higher macrophyte density was efficient to make pH values closer to those acceptable for facultative ponds; it made the oxidation-reduction potential more regular, favoring the appearance of oxidizing conditions at the entrance and exit of the lake, a situation that did not occur with conventional treatment; increased the DO levels between the entrance and exit of the pond, while in the other two treatments there was a decrease. Furthermore, after phytoremediation there was an increase in local biodiversity where aquatic macrophytes were used as habitat for different species. We conclude that there was not the expected effect of phytoremediation with few and many macrophytes, because although there were improvements in the water quality of the pond, they were not statistically significant, except for the pH parameter. Thus, it is worth developing further research using different densities of macrophytes for biotreatment, especially in sewage treatment plants, so that there can be a better evaluation of their bioremediation potential in different treatment units. In addition, it is important that there is a management of removal of macrophytes in parallel, which can be used as raw material in home biodigesters and composting.